Sorption and desorption kinetics of phthalates and phenol on water/sediment interface

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Neonatal outcomes of congenital diaphragmatic hernia in full term versus early term deliveries: A systematic review and meta-analysis

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to review the optimal timing of delivery at term for neonates with prenatally diagnosed congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). We reviewed the literature up to December 19, 2022 using MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library databases. The inclusion criteria were original articles, comparative studies of CDH neonates delivered at an early term (37–38 weeks of gestation) and at full term (39 weeks of gestation or later), and comparative studies investigating outcomes of CDH neonates. Six studies met the inclusion criteria, including 985 neonates delivered at an early term and 629 delivered at full term. The cumulative rate of survival to discharge showed no significant difference between CDH neonates delivered at an early term (395/515; 76.7%) or at full term (345/467; 73.9%) (risk ratio [RR] 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.89–1.16; p = 0.85). Furthermore, the number of neonates requiring oxygen therapy at discharge was not significantly different between CDH neonates delivered at an early term (32/370; 8.6%) and at full term (14/154; 9.1%) (RR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.36–2.70; p = 0.99). Therefore, the optimal timing of delivery at term for neonates with CDH remains unclear.     

Syndromic congenital diaphragmatic hernia: Current incidence and outcome. Analysis from the congenital diaphragmatic hernia study group registry

Background

The aim of this study was to describe the incidence of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia, CDH, associated with known or clinically suspected syndromes, and the postnatal outcomes from a large database for CDH.

Methods

Data from the multicenter, multinational database on infants with CDH (Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Study Group Registry) born from 1996 to 2020 were analyzed. Patients with known or suspected syndromes were grouped and outcome data were analyzed and compared to those without syndromic features.

Results

A total of 12,553 patients were entered in the registry during the study period, and 421 had reported known syndromes, representing 3.4% of all CDH cases in the registry. A total of 50 different associated syndromes were reported. In addition to those with clinically suspected genetic conditions, a total rate of genetic syndromes with CDH was 8.2%. The overall survival to discharge for syndromic CDH was 34% and for non-syndromic CDH was 76.7%. The most common were syndromes Fryns syndrome (19.7% of all syndromes, 17% survival), trisomy 18 or Edward syndrome (17.5%, 9% survival), trisomy 21 or Down syndrome (9%, 47% survival), trisomy 13 or Patau syndrome (6.7%, 14% survival), Cornelia de Lange syndrome (6.4% of all syndromes, 22% survival) and Pallister-Killian syndrome (5.5% of all syndromes, 39.1% survival). In addition, 379 cases had reported chromosomal anomalies and 233 cases had clinically suspected syndromes, based on two more dysmorphic features or malformations in addition to CDH, but without molecular diagnosis. The syndromic CDH group had lower birth weight and gestational age at birth and increased incidence of bilateral CDH (2.9%) and rates of non-repair (53%). The length of hospital stay was longer, and larger number of patients needed O₂ at 30 days. Extracorporeal life support was used only in 15% of the cases. Those who underwent surgical repair had survival to discharge rates of 73%.

Conclusion

Syndromic CDH is rare and only 3.4% of the reported cases of CDH have a known syndrome or association, but, if including patients with two dysmorphic features malformations, in addition to CDH, altogether as many as 8.2% have a diagnosed or suspected genetic condition. These children have with lower survival rates. Given higher rates of non-repair and decreased extracorporeal life support use, along with a high early mortality, decision-making regarding goals of care clearly influences outcomes. Survival varies depending on the genetic cause. Early genetic diagnosis is important and may influence the decision-making.     

深圳市河流水污染治理与雨洪利用研究

在深圳市水污染治理已有规划研究的基础上,以三条跨界河流为例,根据饮用水源地功能和交接断面水质目标,研究通过流域产业结构调整及控制人口增长,提高污水收集率和处理率,同时采取流域径流调节、污水资源化、枯季补水增容、人工湿地系统净化、干流河道渠化与生物生态技术等一系列措施,治理河流水污染问题。利用河流水质模型QUAL-Ⅱ,对多种措施进行论证和优化,使原规划治理方案进一步得到完善。结果表明,在采取90%以上截污率截污、干流渠化和滞留塘技术、枯季补水、污水处理后不排入河流或经深度处理达GB3838—2002《地表水环境质量标准》中Ⅲ类水质后排入河流几项措施的情况下,可同时实现河流水污染治理和雨洪资源利用的目标,彻底改善深圳市水环境质量,缓解水资源难以为继的约束。     

上饶地区环境陆地和建筑物室内天然放射性水平调查

调查按10×l0km~2网格布点,共布点224个。测量结果,全区宇宙射线空气吸收剂量率室外为2.94×10~(-8)Gy·h~(-1),室内为2.55×10~(-8)Gy·h~(-1):原野γ辐射剂量率为6.25×10~(-8)Gy·h~(-1)。道路γ辐射量率为7.34×10~(-8)Gy·h~(-1),建筑物室内γ辐射剂量率为10.44×10~(-8)Gy·h~(-1).     

Numerical experiments for the impacts of temperature and precipitation variation on the growth and development of winter wheat

The growth process of winter wheat was simulated by CERES-wheat model assuming the daily temperature increase -1, 0,1, 2℃ and daily precipitation increase -20, -10, -5, 0, 5, 10, and 20 percent, respectively. The case study site is Zhenjiang City of Jiangsu Province in the east China. Simulation results show that the impacts of temperature variation on winter wheat is stronger than that of precipitation. Climate warming would speed development rate and shorten phonological period. In general, the adverse effect of climate change on grain yield is greater than that of its beneficial effect, especially when the climate becoming cooler and dryer. The increase of temperature and decrease of precipitation would reduce the plant extractablc soil water content.     

施肥与季节更替对黑土微生物群落的影响

研究不同施肥处理与季节更替条件下黑土微生物群落结构与活力,揭示影响黑土肥力质量的重要因素.以未施肥耕作（CK）与休闲（fallow）处理为对照,研究不同季节有机肥（MCK）处理与氮磷钾肥配施（NPK）处理对土壤微生物群落数量与结构影响,测定微生物量碳（氮）（C_mic或N_mic）及不同菌群磷脂脂肪酸（PLFA）含量.结果表明,有机肥处理显著提高土壤养分、C_mic及各菌群PLFA含量;休闲处理真菌PLFA（均值8.40 nmol·g^-1）、C_mic（均值322.5 mg·kg^-1）和N_mic（均值57.9 mg·kg^-1）等含量显著高于CK（分别为5.4 nmol·g^-1、 152.6 mg·kg^-1、 32.1 mg·kg^-1）或NPK（分别为3.5 nmol·g^-1、 144.3 mg·kg^-1 、30.7 mg·kg^-1）处理;NPK处理C_mic、N_mic及各菌群PLFA低于CK处理.相关分析表明,土壤各养分含量与C_mic、各菌群PLFA含量、G^-/总细菌显著正相关,与G⁺/G^-显著负相关（p<0.05）.PLFA的主成分分析表明,各季节不同施肥处理微生物群落结构显著不同.土壤基本理化性质显著受季节更替影响,耕作土壤与休闲处理微生物群落结构各自严格依取样时间而变化;C_mic于仲春最高（295.6 mg·kg^-1）,而N_mic（49.3 mg·kg^-1）与各菌群PLFA含量则在夏季最高,C_mic（184.2 mg·kg^-1）、N_mic（30.63 mg·kg^-1）与各菌群PLFA含量在春季较低.施肥与季节更替显著影响农田黑土肥力质量及微生物群落结构、活力.     

静液挤压技术的研究现状

此文简述了静液挤压工艺的发展过程、工作原理、工艺特性,并初步探讨了该工艺对材料组织与性能的影响.     

西北中等城市热岛效应变化特征——以天水市为例

为探索西北部中等城市的城市热岛效应规律,利用2004—2010年天水市城、郊自动气象站资料,对天水市城、郊温度差异进行了系统分析。结果表明:天水市城区热岛效应比较显著;冬季是热岛现象最强的季节,夏季是热岛现象最弱的季节;城区热岛现象持续时间为18:00—10:00,占全天的2/3,最大强度达1.5℃;城区凉岛持续时间为11:00—17:00,占全天的1/3,最大强度为0.3℃;地面温度城、郊差比气温更大,40cm以下城区地温全年大于郊区;降雪日及连阴雨天气的中后期,城区基本上维持凉岛;强降温天气下,城、郊气温变化基本一致,差别不大。