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排序方式: 共有1016条查询结果,搜索用时 453 毫秒
81.
82.
湿热法处理实现厨余垃圾饲料化的研究 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
探索了湿热法工艺处理厨余垃圾并将其饲料化的可行性.实验表明,湿热法处理可以在满足消毒杀菌的同时,降低厨余原料中的高油脂含量和高含盐量,调节营养成分,实现物化性状的均一.经湿热法处理后的厨余垃圾的饲用价值得到明显改善,可作为良好的饲料原料,同时可回收利用油脂.总之,湿热法工艺可实现厨余垃圾的无害化、减量化和资源化处理,对于消除环境污染、缓解我国饲料原料紧张及资源回收利用等方面有着显著的环境效益、社会效益和经济效益,具有重要的现实意义. 相似文献
83.
84.
Tian C Zhang Mohamed F Dahab Germana S Nunes Cong Hu Rao Surampalli 《Water environment research》2007,79(11):2343-2351
In this study, several columns of different lengths were filled with composite soils sampled from the field at corresponding depths and then loaded intermittently with influent of a high phosphorus concentration to evaluate phosphorus fate and transport in soil. The results indicate that the height of the mass transfer zone, solvent pore velocity, and soil's life expectancy for phosphorus removal increased with depth, while the retained phosphorus per kilogram of soil and the linear adsorption equilibrium coefficient, R, decreased with depth. An equation was developed to link liquid-phase phosphorus with solvent traveling time and soil depth. The results of X-ray diffraction and washout tests indicate that calcium-phosphorus precipitation and/or crystal growth occurred in the columns. The new protocol is useful for evaluation of phosphorus fate and transport in other subsurface systems, because it allows flexible adjustments in hydraulic loadings, feed solution, and sampling schemes. 相似文献
85.
Municipal solid waste characteristics and management in China 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
The purpose of this investigation is to evaluate the current status and identify the problems of municipal solid waste (MSW) management in China in order to determine appropriate remedial strategies. This is the first of two papers, discussing primarily the general characteristics of MSW and its management in China. The second paper focuses on specific remedial strategies. MSW generation in China has increased rapidly in the past 20 years from 31.3 million tons in 1980 to 113.0 million tons in 1998. The annual rate of increase is 3-10%. The average generation per capita is 1.0 kg/day (0.38 t/year). Nearly one-half of the waste generated is dumped in the suburbs, where the accumulated quantity has reached 6 billion tons, which has caused heavy environmental pollution. This paper provides information on MSW management in China, such as MSW generation and its physical, chemical, and biological properties. Low calorific value and high moisture content characterize China's municipal waste. Other issues related to MSW management in China are also discussed, including the factors that influence MSW generation quantity and 相似文献
86.
87.
于2016年7~8月采集了陕西省西安市(城市)及蔺村(农村)夏季昼夜PM2.5样品,分析其有机碳(OC)、元素碳(EC)和无机离子等化学组分的含量,探讨关中平原城市和农村地区PM2.5的化学组成和来源的差异.结果表明,采样期间西安和蔺村的PM2.5浓度分别为(49.7±22.8)和(62.6±14.2)μg/m3.西安PM2.5中OC和EC的浓度[(6.5±2.5)μg/m3,(3.2±1.8)μg/m3]与蔺村[(6.8±1.8)μg/m3,(3.8±2.3)μg/m3]相当.西安OC/EC比值白天(2.6)高于夜晚(1.9),蔺村反之(白天:1.6;夜晚:2.7),主要是因为夜间城市地区重型卡车运输活动增强导致排放更多EC,而夜间农村地区人为活动较少导致EC排放显著降低.西安和蔺村无机离子总浓度分别为(20.2±14.6)和(30.1±10.5)μg/m3,占PM2.5浓度的40.6%和47.6%.蔺村SO42-的平均浓度高达19.0μg/m3,占PM2.5浓度的30%以上,远高于西安(9.4μg/m3和18.9%),主要与农村固体燃料(煤和生物质)使用有关.西安NO3-和Ca2+的浓度及其对PM2.5的贡献、NO3-/SO42-比值均明显大于蔺村,表明城市地区受机动车尾气和扬尘的影响更大.西安K+与Ca2+和Mg2+的相关性较强,而蔺村K+与EC的相关性显著强于西安,说明西安市区K+由粉尘源主导,而农村地区则主要来自生物质燃烧. 相似文献
88.
为实现染色残液的高效处理及废水回用,鉴于染色残液良好的导电性,选用电化学处理技术,以模拟活性红X-3B染色残液为研究对象,在钌铱形稳电极为阳极和合适的电解条件下,比较石墨板、石墨毡、炭毡、ACF(活性炭纤维毡)、碳纤维电极〔CFF(碳纤维布)、CFB(碳纤维刷)〕等碳素阴极材料的电化学处理效能.结果表明:碳素阴极材料可实现染色残液的完全脱色,活性红X-3B的降解过程符合一级反应动力学特征,其中CFF为阴极时CODCr去除率达到86.37%,一级动力学反应常数为0.010 3 min-1,是石墨毡(0.007 3 min-1)的1.4倍.相比于石墨板电极,CFB显示出优异的二电子氧还原和产H2O2能力,单位面积产H2O2的浓度为10.40 μmol/L,是石墨板(1.08 μmol/L)的9.7倍,产生的H2O2导致活性红X-3B的降解,30 min内实现完全脱色.循环伏安曲线表明,碳纤维电极(包括CFF和CFB)的析氧电位明显高于其他电极,可有效抑制析氧副反应,提高有机污染物降解过程中的电催化效率,有利于降低能耗.研究显示,碳纤维可作为阴极材料应用于电化学处理染色残液,具有良好的稳定性. 相似文献
89.
In China, volatile organic compound(VOC) control directives have been continuously released and implemented for important sources and regions to tackle air pollution. The corresponding control requirements were based on VOC emission amounts(EA), but never considered the significant differentiation of VOC species in terms of atmospheric chemical reactivity. This will adversely influence the effect of VOC reduction on air quality improvement. Therefore,this study attempted to develop a comprehensive classification method for typical VOC sources in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region(BTH), by combining the VOC emission amounts with the chemical reactivities of VOC species. Firstly, we obtained the VOC chemical profiles by measuring 5 key sources in the BTH region and referencing another 10 key sources, and estimated the ozone formation potential(OFP) per ton VOC emission for these sources by using the maximum incremental reactivity(MIR) index as the characteristic of source reactivity(SR). Then, we applied the data normalization method to respectively convert EA and SR to normalized EA(NEA) and normalized SR(NSR) for various sources in the BTH region.Finally, the control index(CI) was calculated, and these sources were further classified into four grades based on the normalized CI(NCI). The study results showed that in the BTH region,furniture coating, automobile coating, and road vehicles are characterized by high NCI and need to be given more attention; however, the petro-chemical industry, which was designated as an important control source by air quality managers, has a lower NCI. 相似文献
90.
太湖流域企业的水风险评估体系 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
基于世界自然基金会(WWF)和德国投资与开发有限公司(DEG)开发的企业水风险评估体系,进行太湖流域企业水风险评估体系本土化研究.根据太湖流域的水环境现状、企业管理方式、相关标准及法规,修订了部分指标,建立了包括物理风险指标9项、监管风险指标4项和声誉风险指标9项的太湖流域企业水风险评估体系.采用层次分析法(AHP)计算指标权重.评估指标的分级延续了原来的评估体系的5级5分制,采用综合指数加权求和法计算综合评分值.选取了一家化工企业进行实例研究,评估结果表明,该企业2015年综合水风险评价值为2.61,风险等级为Ⅲ级,属中等风险.实施7项水风险削减方案后,2016年综合水风险评价值降至1.94,风险等级为Ⅱ级,属低等风险.该评估体系可为太湖流域企业进行水风险评估及削减提供参考. 相似文献