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91.
Adsorption of Ammonium by Graphene Oxide-Based Composites Prepared by UV Irradiation and Using as Slow-Release Fertilizer 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Chengyi Wu Xu Zhang Cong Li Chao Cheng Yin Zheng 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2018,26(12):4311-4320
A novel sodium alginate-grafted poly(acrylic acid)/graphene oxide (NaAlg-g-PAA/GO) composite hydrogel was prepared via ultraviolet irradiation, and characterized by infrared spectroscopy spectrometer. X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. It was employed to adsorb NH4+ from aqueous solution and used as slow-release nitrogen fertilizers (SNFs). Result indicated that the adsorption process for NH4+ reached equilibrium within 50 min, with the adsorption capacity of 6.6 mmol g?1 even if 30 wt% GO was incorporated. The results of adsorption kinetic and isotherm were well described by the pseudo-second-order and Freundlich model. The thermodynamics analysis showed the adsorption process was spontaneous. The study indicated excellent water-holding ratio of soil with 2 wt% SNFs was 81.2%, and nitrogen release was up to 55.1% within 40 days in soil. Overall, NaAlg-g-PAA/GO could be considered as an efficient adsorbent for the recovery of nitrogen with the agronomic reuse as a fertilizer. 相似文献
92.
红壤和磷灰石对沉积物重金属稳定化的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用磷灰石、红壤及两者复配组合对污染沉积物中重金属进行稳定化处理,通过TCLP和改进的BCR连续提取法对稳定化效果进行分析和评价。结果表明,在稳定化试验中,对Cu、Cd和Zn的稳定效果由大到小为红壤+磷灰石、磷灰石、红壤;其中,红壤+磷灰石对Pb的稳定效果与磷灰石单独添加相近,显著大于红壤。5%磷灰石+5%红壤添加3个月后,Cu、Cd、Zn和Pb的稳定效率分别达到59.83%、29.43%、31.00%、96.06%。添加5%磷灰石时,Cu、Cd、Zn和Pb的稳定效率分别为52.46%、24.67%、25.23%、96.06%。红壤的添加不同程度地促进了磷灰石对Cu、Cd和Zn的稳定效率。连续提取试验结果表明.磷灰石单独和复配添加均使Cu、Zn和Pb的生物可利用态和潜在生物可利用态占比降低,生物不可利用态占比增大。5%磷灰石+5%红壤处理中,Cu、Cd、Zn和Ph的生物可利用态和潜在生物可利用态的比例总和分别降低了19.31%、5.11%、20.11%和68.97%。相比磷灰石单独处理,复配处理进一步促进了Cd和Zn的酸溶态向残渣态转化。磷灰石和红壤+磷灰石复配处理能有效降低沉积物中重金属的危害。 相似文献
93.
94.
Speciation and fractionation of heavy metals in soil subsamples experimentally loaded with Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn in orthogonal design was investigated by sequential extraction, and operationally defined as water-soluble and exchangeable(SE), weakly specific adsorbed( WSA),Fe and Mn oxides-bound(OX) and organic-bound( ORG). The results showed that fractions of heavy metals in the soil subsamples depended on their speciation. About 90% of Cd and 75% of Zn existed in soil subsamples in the SE fraction. Lead and Cu existed in soil subsamples as SE, WSA and OX fractions simultaneously, although SE was still the major fraction. Organic-bound heavy metals were not clearly apparent in all the soil subsamples. The concentration of some heavy metal fractions in soil subsamples showed the good correlation with ionic impulsion of soil, especially for the SE fraction. Continuous saturation of soil subsamples with 0.20 mol/L NH4CI, which is the first step for determination of the negative surface charge of soil by the ion retention method, resulted in desorption of certain heavy metals from the soil. It was found that the percentage desorption of heavy metals from soil subsamples depended greatly on pH, the composition and original heavy metal content of the soil subsamples. However, most of the heavy metals in the soil subsamples were still be retained after multiple saturation. Compared with the parent soil, the negative surface charge of soil subsamples loaded with heavy metals did not show difference significantly from that of the parent one by statistical analysis. Heavy metals existed in the soil subsamples mainly as exchangeable and precipitated simultaneously. 相似文献
95.
96.
97.
Tian C Zhang Mohamed F Dahab Germana S Nunes Cong Hu Rao Surampalli 《Water environment research》2007,79(11):2343-2351
In this study, several columns of different lengths were filled with composite soils sampled from the field at corresponding depths and then loaded intermittently with influent of a high phosphorus concentration to evaluate phosphorus fate and transport in soil. The results indicate that the height of the mass transfer zone, solvent pore velocity, and soil's life expectancy for phosphorus removal increased with depth, while the retained phosphorus per kilogram of soil and the linear adsorption equilibrium coefficient, R, decreased with depth. An equation was developed to link liquid-phase phosphorus with solvent traveling time and soil depth. The results of X-ray diffraction and washout tests indicate that calcium-phosphorus precipitation and/or crystal growth occurred in the columns. The new protocol is useful for evaluation of phosphorus fate and transport in other subsurface systems, because it allows flexible adjustments in hydraulic loadings, feed solution, and sampling schemes. 相似文献
98.
C.M. Tu 《Chemosphere》1981,10(1):127-134
A study of the effect of 5 fungicide seed treatments on alfalfa ( L. var. Vernal) growth and nodulation by 102F66 was conducted in a growth chamber. Captan, maneb and thiram exhibited greater toxicity to . and alfalfa plants than that of benomyl and zineb. Recovery of the inhibitory effect was rapid. 相似文献
99.
于2016年7~8月采集了陕西省西安市(城市)及蔺村(农村)夏季昼夜PM2.5样品,分析其有机碳(OC)、元素碳(EC)和无机离子等化学组分的含量,探讨关中平原城市和农村地区PM2.5的化学组成和来源的差异.结果表明,采样期间西安和蔺村的PM2.5浓度分别为(49.7±22.8)和(62.6±14.2)μg/m3.西安PM2.5中OC和EC的浓度[(6.5±2.5)μg/m3,(3.2±1.8)μg/m3]与蔺村[(6.8±1.8)μg/m3,(3.8±2.3)μg/m3]相当.西安OC/EC比值白天(2.6)高于夜晚(1.9),蔺村反之(白天:1.6;夜晚:2.7),主要是因为夜间城市地区重型卡车运输活动增强导致排放更多EC,而夜间农村地区人为活动较少导致EC排放显著降低.西安和蔺村无机离子总浓度分别为(20.2±14.6)和(30.1±10.5)μg/m3,占PM2.5浓度的40.6%和47.6%.蔺村SO42-的平均浓度高达19.0μg/m3,占PM2.5浓度的30%以上,远高于西安(9.4μg/m3和18.9%),主要与农村固体燃料(煤和生物质)使用有关.西安NO3-和Ca2+的浓度及其对PM2.5的贡献、NO3-/SO42-比值均明显大于蔺村,表明城市地区受机动车尾气和扬尘的影响更大.西安K+与Ca2+和Mg2+的相关性较强,而蔺村K+与EC的相关性显著强于西安,说明西安市区K+由粉尘源主导,而农村地区则主要来自生物质燃烧. 相似文献
100.
为实现染色残液的高效处理及废水回用,鉴于染色残液良好的导电性,选用电化学处理技术,以模拟活性红X-3B染色残液为研究对象,在钌铱形稳电极为阳极和合适的电解条件下,比较石墨板、石墨毡、炭毡、ACF(活性炭纤维毡)、碳纤维电极〔CFF(碳纤维布)、CFB(碳纤维刷)〕等碳素阴极材料的电化学处理效能.结果表明:碳素阴极材料可实现染色残液的完全脱色,活性红X-3B的降解过程符合一级反应动力学特征,其中CFF为阴极时CODCr去除率达到86.37%,一级动力学反应常数为0.010 3 min-1,是石墨毡(0.007 3 min-1)的1.4倍.相比于石墨板电极,CFB显示出优异的二电子氧还原和产H2O2能力,单位面积产H2O2的浓度为10.40 μmol/L,是石墨板(1.08 μmol/L)的9.7倍,产生的H2O2导致活性红X-3B的降解,30 min内实现完全脱色.循环伏安曲线表明,碳纤维电极(包括CFF和CFB)的析氧电位明显高于其他电极,可有效抑制析氧副反应,提高有机污染物降解过程中的电催化效率,有利于降低能耗.研究显示,碳纤维可作为阴极材料应用于电化学处理染色残液,具有良好的稳定性. 相似文献