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111.
This paper reports on the field testing of a tunable diode laser trace gas analyzer system for micrometeorological monitoring of ammonia fluxes. This system uses infrared absorption spectroscopy to measure atmospheric ammonia concentrations and the fluxgradient method to relate the measured concentration gradient to a flux of ammonia. For the field tests, we monitored ammonia fuxes over three plots receiving different manure applications. Each plot was sampled for 15 or 30 min of each hour, producing a high-temporal resolution data set. Analysis of the system response showed that ammonia adsorption to the tubing walls was greatly reduced by the system design and did not interfere with the flux measurement. 相似文献
112.
Roberto Sassi Rosalve Lucas Marcelino Cristiane Francisca Costa 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2008,10(2):167-178
This paper discusses the misuses of estuaries in Northeast of Brazil and the social contrasts there found. The several kinds
of impacts promoted by capitalist enterprises in one side and by traditional population, who uses estuary areas at another
side, are in complete disagreement with the ethic of sustainable development. Our intention is to demonstrate how these aspects
occur in the River Paraíba do Norte estuary, in the State of Paraíba. Observing the conditions of infrastructure besides the
multiple ways to handle along with the extension of the estuary, we could recognize 59 focus of conflict between the incorrect
use and sustainable mode. Most of the uses concern to traditional artisan fishing, slums and recreational marinas, reflecting
the great social contrast between rich and poor people settled in area studied. Ecological and social implications of these
conflicting uses are discussed and measures to improve the situation are suggested. 相似文献
113.
Valentin Becher Jan-Peter Bohn Pedro Dias Hartmut Spliethoff 《International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control》2011
Combustion of hydrocarbon fuels with pure oxygen results in a different flue gas composition as combustion with air. Standard CFD spectral gas radiation models for air blown combustion are out of their validity range. The series of three articles provides a common spectral basis for the validation of new developed models. Part B of the series presents spectral measurements in the spectral range of 2.4–5.4 μm of a 70 kW turbulent natural gas flame in air blown combustion and in wet and dry oxyfuel combustion. The experimentally measured intensity spectra were compared with simulated spectra based on measured gas atmospheres. The line-by-line database HITEMP2010 and the two statistical-narrow-band models EM2C and RADCAL were used for the numerical simulation. The measured spectra showed large fluctuations due to turbulence. The up to 75% increased averaged experimental intensity compared to the simulated intensity pointed out the importance of the effect of turbulence-radiation-interaction in combustion simulations. 相似文献
114.
Heitor Evangelista Juan Maldonado Elaine A. dos Santos Ricardo H.M. Godoi Carlos A.E. Garcia Virginia M.T. Garcia Erling Jonhson Kenya Dias da Cunha Carlos Barros Leite René Van Grieken Katleen Van Meel Yaroslava Makarovska Diego M. Gaiero 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(5):703-712
Iron (Fe) and other trace elements such as Zn, Mn, Ni and Cu are known as key-factors in marine biogeochemical cycles. It is believed that ocean primary productivity blooms in iron deficient regions can be triggered by iron in aeolian dust. Up to now, scarce aerosol elemental composition, based on measurements over sea at the Western South Atlantic (WSA), exist. An association between the Patagonian semi-desert dust/Fe and chlorophyll-a variability at the Argentinean continental shelf is essentially inferred from models. We present here experimental data of Fe enriched aerosols over the WSA between latitudes 22°S–62°S, during 4 oceanographic campaigns between 2002 and 2005. These data allowed inferring the atmospheric Fe flux onto different latitudinal bands which varied from 30.4 to 1688 nmolFe m?2 day?1 (October 29th–November 15th, 2003); 5.83–1586 nmolFe m?2 day?1 (February 15th–March 6th, 2004) and 4.73–586 nmolFe m?2 day?1(October 21st–November 5th, 2005). 相似文献
115.
Walter Nei Lopes dos Santos Samuel Marques Macedo Sofia Negreiros Teixeira da Rocha Caio Niela Souza de Jesus Dannuza Dias Cavalcante Vanessa Hatje 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(8):5027-5032
This work proposes a procedure for the determination of total selenium content in shellfish after digestion of samples in block using cold finger system and detection using atomic fluorescent spectrometry coupled hydride generation (HG AFS). The optimal conditions for HG such as effect and volume of prereduction KBr 10 % (m/v) (1.0 and 2.0 ml) and concentration of hydrochloric acid (3.0 and 6.0 mol L?1) were evaluated. The best results were obtained using 3 mL of HCl (6 mol L?1) and 1 mL of KBr 10 % (m/v), followed by 30 min of prereduction for the volume of 1 mL of the digested sample. The precision and accuracy were assessed by the analysis of the Certified Reference Material NIST 1566b. Under the optimized conditions, the detection and quantification limits were 6.06 and 21.21 μg kg?1, respectively. The developed method was applied to samples of shellfish (oysters, clams, and mussels) collected at Todos os Santos Bay, Bahia, Brazil. Selenium concentrations ranged from 0.23?±?0.02 to 3.70?±?0.27 mg kg?1 for Mytella guyanensis and Anomalocardia brasiliana, respectively. The developed method proved to be accurate, precise, cheap, fast, and could be used for monitoring Se in shellfish samples. 相似文献
116.
Abamectin is used as an acaricide and insecticide for fruits, vegetables and ornamental plants, as well as a parasiticide for animals. One of the major problems of applying pesticides to crops is the likelihood of contaminating aquatic ecosystems by drift or runoff. Therefore, toxicity tests in the laboratory are important tools to predict the effects of chemical substances in aquatic ecosystems. The aim of this study was to assess the potential hazards of abamectin to the freshwater biota and consequently the possible losses of ecological services in contaminated water bodies. For this purpose, we identified the toxicity of abamectin on daphnids, insects and fish. Abamectin was highly toxic, with an EC50 48 h for Daphnia similis of 5.1 ng L−1, LC50 96 h for Chironomus xanthus of 2.67 μg L−1 and LC50 48 h for Danio rerio of 33 μg L−1. 相似文献
117.
118.
Melo Mikhael Rangel de Souza Dias Nildo da Silva de Medeiros Igor José Nascimento Travassos Kaline Dantas Miranda Neyton de Oliveira Gurgel Marcelo Tavares Lemos Neto Hozano de Souza Fernandes Cleyton dos Santos 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2020,27(31):38537-38544
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In a context of scarcity of good quality water, reuse is a mandatory practice to increase water availability, thus allowing the exploitation of more... 相似文献
119.
Cruz C Bio AM Jullioti A Tavares A Dias T Martins-Loução MA 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,154(3):414-423
Heterogeneity and dynamics of eight soil surface characteristics essential for plants—ammonium and nitrate concentrations, water content, temperature, pH, organic matter, nitrification and ammonification rates—were studied in a Mediterranean-type ecosystem on four occasions over a year. Soil properties varied seasonally and were influenced by plant species. Nitrate and ammonium were present in the soil at similar concentrations throughout the year. The positive correlation between them at the time of greatest plant development indicates that ammonium is a readily available nitrogen source in Mediterranean-type ecosystems. The results presented here suggest that plant cover significantly affects soil surface characteristics. 相似文献
120.
Edwards G. C. Dias G. M. Thurtell G. W. Kidd G. E. Roulet N. T. Kelly C. A. Rudd J. W. M. Moore A. Halfpenny-Mitchell L. 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2001,1(5-6):447-454
Methane emissions were measured from a bog andlake in the Experimental Lakes Area in Northern Ontario in 1992and 1993, prior to and following flooding. Bog fluxes were smallin 1992 (0.27 mg m-2 d-1) but increased 5-fold in 1993 afterflooding. Over the bog, there was a diel cycle of nighttimeemission and daytime uptake in 1992 in contrast to constantemission in 1993. Lake emissions decreased after flooding butwere much greater than bog emissions in both years (average = 7.3 mg m-2 d-1). Seasonally, the bog flux was correlated withground temperatures after flooding. In 1992, lake fluxes werecorrelated with air temperature on a daily basis. In contrast,seasonal lake fluxes were correlated with water and sedimenttemperatures in 1992, but only with sediment temperatures in1993. These results are explained with respect to the effects offlooding on lake and bog dynamics. 相似文献