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471.
Fabrizio Bert Giacomo Scaioli Maria Rosaria Gualano Stefano Passi Maria Lucia Specchia Chiara Cadeddu Cristina Viglianchino Roberta Siliquini 《Food and environmental virology》2014,6(2):67-74
Noroviruses are recognized as the leading cause of human acute viral gastroenteritis worldwide. The rate of outbreaks on cruise ships has grown significantly in recent years. Given the potentially harmful consequences of outbreaks for passengers and crewmembers and the subsequently high costs for cruise companies, disease outbreaks on cruise ships represent a serious public health issue. The aim of our study was to systematically review published studies related to Norovirus outbreaks on commercial cruise ships. We searched the PubMed and Scopus scientific databases. We included eligible studies published from January 1990 to July 2013 that were written in English and described infectious episodes involving at least two passengers and/or crewmembers on a commercial cruise ship. As a result, 15 studies and seven reviews met the inclusion criteria, describing a total of 127 outbreaks. The majority of the cases were reported in Europe and the USA, affecting <1 to 74 % of the embarked passengers. In the majority of the studies, stool samples and/or serum specimens from ill passengers were collected and tested for laboratory confirmation. Twelve studies reported that an ad-hoc questionnaire was administered. Fifteen studies investigated the possible source of infection which was contaminated food in the majority of cases. Our findings suggest a strong need for the monitoring and implementation of preventive measures in semi-closed communities, such as cruise ships. It would be advisable to strengthen all relevant initiatives in order to improve the detection of, response to and control of Norovirus outbreaks on cruise ships. 相似文献
472.
M. Victoria L. F. L. Tort M. García A. Lizasoain L. Maya J. P. G. Leite M. P. Miagostovich J. Cristina R. Colina 《Food and environmental virology》2014,6(2):116-124
The aim of this study was to assess the viral contamination of group A rotavirus (RVA), norovirus (NoV), and human astrovirus (HAstV) in sewage directly discharged into Uruguay River and to characterize RVA genotypes circulating in Uruguay. For this purpose, sewage samples (n = 96) were collected biweekly from March 2011 to February 2012 in four Uruguayan cities: Bella Unión, Salto, Paysandú, and Fray Bentos. Each sample was concentrated by ultracentrifugation method. Qualitative and quantitative RT-PCR for RVA, NoV, and HAstV were performed. A wide dissemination of gastroenteric viruses was observed in the sewage samples analyzed with 80 % of positivity, being NoV (51 %) the most frequently detected followed by RVA with a frequency of 49 % and HAstV with 45 %. Genotypes of RVA were typed using multiplex semi-nested RT-PCR as follows: P[8] (n = 15), P[4] (n = 8), P[10] (n = 1), P[11] (n = 1), G2 (n = 29), and G3 (n = 2). The viral load ranged from 103 to 107 genomic copies/liter, and they were detected roughly with the same frequency in all participant cities. A peak of RVA and HAstV detection was observed in colder months (June to September), whereas no seasonality was observed for NoV. This study demonstrates for the first time, the high degree of gastroenteric viral contamination in the country; highlighting the importance of developing these analyses as a tool to determine the viral contamination in this hydrographic boundary region used by the local populations for recreation and consumption, establishing an elevated risk of gastroenteric diseases for human health. 相似文献
473.
Alberto Pivato Roberto Raga Maria Cristina Lavagnolo Stefano Vanin Alberto Barausse Luca Palmeri Raffaello Cossu 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2016,18(2):303-317
A research project was carried out to evaluate ecotoxicological effects of mature compost addition to agricultural soil, using a battery of ecotoxicological tests. The following species were selected: plant of Lepidium sativum, earthworm Eisenia foetida, aquatic crustacean Daphnia magna and bacteria Vibrio fischeri. The tests were classified as “direct tests” using solid compost samples and “indirect tests” using compost leaching test eluate. The direct bioassays were performed using compost added to artificial soil in concentrations ranging from 2.5 to 100 % (w/w); the indirect ones considered compost eluate, added to a standard solution in the same concentrations used in the direct tests. Both tests aimed at obtaining the ecotoxicological parameters (LC50 and EC50). These values were then utilized to implement the Species Sensitivity Distribution (SSD) analysis and extrapolate the Hazard Concentration (HC), a useful threshold to preserve the biodiversity of agricultural ecosystems. Results indicated an increase in compost toxicity with greater compost concentrations; in particular, for direct tests compost dosage below 10 % showed low toxicity, while for indirect ones the toxicity was higher. Furthermore, SSD analysis showed a Hazardous Concentration (HC5) for direct bioassays of 3.5 % and for indirect of 14 %. 相似文献
474.
Amaral Rafaela Cristina Rohden Abrahão Bernardo Garcez Mônica Regina Andrade Jairo José de Oliveira 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2022,24(6):2439-2454
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Wood biomass fly ash can contribute to a more sustainable urban infrastructure, but requires efficient recycling strategies. This paper... 相似文献
475.
de Souza Silva Gabriela Muricy de Carvalho Batista Muniz Izabella Veloso Cristiane Martins Santos Leandro Soares de Melo Neto Biano Alves Bonomo Renata Cristina Ferreira 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2022,30(1):246-257
Journal of Polymers and the Environment - Starch is the main predominant food reserve in plants. Its characteristics stand out from other carbohydrates providing it with several industrial... 相似文献
476.
Solier Yamil Nahún Schnell Carla Natalí Galván María Verónica Mocchiutti Paulina Zanuttini Miguel Ángel Inalbon María Cristina 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2022,30(1):114-124
Journal of Polymers and the Environment - Novel hemicellulose-based films from polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) of chitosan and xylan from sugar cane bagasse were prepared and characterized. PEC... 相似文献
477.
The proton and Cd binding capacities of microbially produced exopolysaccharides, EPS, were quantified by the determination of stability constants and the concentration of complexing sites using H(+) or Cd(2+) selective electrodes in dynamic titrations. The influence of ionic strength, pH and the Cd to EPS ratio was evaluated over large concentration ranges. The applicability of the non-ideal competitive adsorption isotherm combined with a Donnan electrostatics approach was tested with respect to the EPS. Proton and cadmium binding data were compared with literature data examining other ubiquitous environmental ligands including humic substances, alginate, bacteria, etc. Subsequent modelling of Cd speciation in aquatic (fresh and marine waters) and soil systems suggested that the exopolysaccharides would play non-negligible role, under most conditions. The quantitative information provided in this paper thus represents an important advance in our understanding of Cd transport, bioavailability and impact in aquatic and terrestrial systems. 相似文献
478.
Comparison of the effectiveness of composting and vermicomposting for the biological stabilization of cattle manure 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
Cattle manure is produced in large quantities in industrial breeding facilities and the storage and/or spreading of this waste on land may cause contamination of the atmosphere, soil and water. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the active phases of composting, vermicomposting, and also a combination of composting and vermicomposting for reducing the polluting potential and for stabilizing cattle manure in the short-term. For this, the degree of decomposition as well as the microbial activity and microbial composition of the resulting products after the active phase of composting and vermicomposting were analysed. None of the treatments significantly reduced the dissolved organic carbon and dissolved organic nitrogen contents relative to the control, and therefore more time may be required for stabilization. Nevertheless, the lowest values of microbial biomass and activity corresponded to the earthworm-worked substrates, in which fungal growth was also promoted; the combined treatment (composting + vermicomposting) was the most effective in terms of stabilizing the cattle manure. Moreover, earthworms promoted the retention of nitrogen and gradual release of P, as well as a reduction in electrical conductivity, thereby producing improved substrates for agricultural use. 相似文献
479.
Domingues Luciene Gachet Ferrari Santos Ferreira Gisleiva Cristina dos Pires Marta Siviero Guilherme 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2022,24(1):378-385
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Waste foundry sand (WFS) is a waste generated during the molding of metal parts and primarily discarded in landfills, which generates environmental... 相似文献
480.
Trifi Mariem Gasmi Anis Carbone Cristina Majzlan Juraj Nasri Nesrine Dermech Mohja Charef Abdelkrim Elfil Hamza 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(58):87490-87508
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In northern Tunisia, Sidi Driss sulfide ore valorization had produced a large waste amount. The long tailings exposure period and in situ minerals... 相似文献