清洁生产评价专题编制方法探讨

在环境影响评价报告中对清洁生产评价专题的编制不规范,缺少量化指标。以山东万得集团年产亿米高档染织面料项目的清洁生产评价为例,通过指标体系建立、评价方法确定、评价结果分析等,提出一种操作性强、可供借鉴的编制方法。     

Using enriched stable isotope technique to study Cu bioaccumulation and bioavailability in Corbicula fluminea from Taihu Lake,China

In this study, we measured trace metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in water and sediment from representative sites of Taihu Lake, with focus on the analysis of trace metal accumulation in Corbicula fluminea (bivalve). The results showed that the quality of water in Taihu Lake was generally good and the correlation was not found between Cu bioaccumulation in C. fluminea and the concentration in water and sediment. Thus, using the stable isotope tracer method, we studied Cu uptake from the water phase, the assimilation of Cu from the food phase, and the efflux of Cu in vivo by C. fluminea. The result revealed that this species exhibited a relatively lower efflux rate constant of Cu compared with other zoobenthos species. Using a simple bioenergetics-based kinetic model, Cu concentrations in the C. fluminea were calculated with the measured efflux rate. We put forward a novel method, which was taking the influence of biological kinetic on metal bioaccumulation into account to explain the field survey data.     

Environmental occurrences, behavior, fate, and ecological effects of nanomaterials: an introduction to the special series

The release of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) into the biosphere will increase as industries find new and useful ways to utilize these materials. Scientists and engineers are beginning to assess the material properties that determine the fate, transport, and effects of ENMs; however, the potential impacts of released ENMs on organisms, ecosystems, and human health remain largely unknown. This special collection of four review papers and four technical papers identifies many key and emerging knowledge gaps regarding the interactions between nanomaterials and ecosystems. These critical knowledge gaps include the form, route, and mass of nanomaterials entering the environment; the transformations and ultimate fate of nanomaterials in the environment; the transport, distribution, and bioavailability of nanomaterials in environmental media; and the organismal responses to nanomaterial exposure and effects of nanomaterial inputs, on ecological communities and biogeochemical processes at relevant environmental concentrations and forms. This introductory section summarizes the state of knowledge and emerging areas of research needs identified within the special collection. Despite recent progress in understanding the transport, transformations, and fate of ENMs in model environments and organisms, there remains a large need for fundamental information regarding releases, distribution, transformations and persistence, and bioavailability of nanomaterials. Moreover, fate, transport, bioaccumulation, and ecological impacts research is needed using environmentally relevant concentrations and forms of ENMs in real field materials and with a broader range of organisms.     

基于岗位(群)的高职《森林培育技术》课程内容改革探索

林业是生态建设的主力军,是生态保护的重要载体。《森林培育技术》教学内容不能满足社会的需求,跟不上时代发展的需要,迫切需要改革。以就业导向等为原则,采取优化课程内容,突出实用性等措施,对高职生态环境保护专业的骨干课程《森林培育技术》的教学内容、教学方法、考试方法进行改革探索。     

纳米二氧化钛对小胶质细胞Notch信号通路及炎症因子分泌水平的影响

由于纳米材料的广泛应用及其可能存在的生物安全性风险,本研究探讨了纳米二氧化钛对小胶质细胞Notch信号通路及炎症因子分泌水平的影响.以不同浓度的纳米二氧化钛染毒小胶质细胞,MTT法测定细胞活力,乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)检测试剂盒测定细胞培养液上清液LDH活性,ELISA法测定细胞培养液上清液肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、...     

GC-MS法测定垃圾填埋场渗滤液中的有机污染物

采用GC-MS联用技术对深圳市两个垃圾填埋场（A和B）渗滤液中的有机污染物进行分析。垃圾场A是简易生活垃圾填埋场,垃圾场B是生活垃圾焚烧底渣填埋场。垃圾场A渗滤液中COD、TOC、NH3-N、NO3^--N等污染指标的浓度比垃圾场B渗滤液高一个数量级。两个垃圾填埋场渗滤液中分别检测出主要有机物72种和57种,其中含有大量难降解有机物,如酚类、胺类、杂环类物质。两个垃圾填埋场渗滤液中有机物组分的相对含量不同,渗滤液A中酚类物质含量最高,渗滤液B中有机物多为长链烷烃。     

我国农业非点源污染成因及解决对策

农业非点源污染目前已成为全球水污染的主要来源。对我国农业非点源污染成因的分析表明:农药、化肥的大量使用,不同灌溉方式、生产生活废弃物和规模化畜禽养殖等与农业非点源污染的形成之间均有密切的关系,应从农田径流控制、小流域综合治理、发展生态农业等方面开展农业非点源污染防治。实施农田养分最佳管理技术、开发农业非点源污染管理应用软件、完善农业生态补偿机制将成为我国农业非点源污染研究的发展趋势。     

浅析室内空气污染

室内空气污染会引发呼吸道疾病,并对神经系统、免疫系统和肝脏都有毒害作用,还是多种流行病传播的媒介,已成为多种疾病发生率提高的主要致病因素,严重影响了人们正常的工作和生活.本文从消费、城市规划和政策法规的角度,分析了产生室内空气污染的主要原因;提出了可以从装修方案设计和建材选择、先进净化技术的采用、选择合理入住时间、健全室内空气质量监测指标、发挥政府调控作用、合理规划城市功能六个方面采取措施,进行室内空气污染的防治.为实现城市居民生活的安全、舒适、健康、美观提供了可参照的科学方法.