南宁市HJ-1CCD数据气溶胶光学厚度反演

利用环境一号卫星(HJ-1)CCD数据高时间分辨率、空间分辨率和宽覆盖的特点,进行城市地区气溶胶光学厚度定量反演研究。提出使用环境卫星数据自带的逐像元卫星观测角度文件及相应参数进行逐像元太阳天顶角、太阳方位角推算,生成四波段合成角度数据。结合改进后的暗目标算法,以及基于逐像元角度数据的6S查找表,对南宁市2014年1月14日、15日、16日HJ-1CCD数据进行气溶胶光学厚度反演。反演结果与ARONET地基观测数据进行验证,表明该算法有较高反演精度,相关系数为0.865,同时与MODIS气溶胶反演结果进行比较。结果表明,经过HJ-1CCD数据反演的气溶胶光学厚度可作为气溶胶时空分布的实时监测手段。     

复合人工湿地系统酶活性及其与污染物净化效果的相关性

构建目前广泛应用的复合垂直流人工湿地系统,从酶学角度探讨湿地主要污染物净化机理。通过对下行流-上行流复合人工湿地和下行流-下行流复合人工湿地2套系统磷酸酶、脲酶活性的测定发现,磷酸酶、脲酶活性随系统流程逐级降低,一级池磷酸酶、脲酶活性较高且日变化较大,同一一级池中磷酸酶、脲酶活性呈显著相关性。系统脲酶活性和TN去除率相关性显著,磷酸酶活性与TP去除率不存在显著相关性,磷酸酶、脲酶活性与COD去除率相关性亦不显著。     

A 1-dodecanethiol-based phase transfer protocol for the highly efficient extraction of noble metal ions from aqueous phase

A 1-dodecanethiol-based phase-transfer protocol is developed for the extraction of noble metal ions from aqueous solution to a hydrocarbon phase, which calls for first mixing the aqueous metal ion solution with an ethanolic solution of 1-dodecanethiol, and then extracting the coordination compounds formed between noble metal ions and 1-dodecanethiol into a non-polar organic solvent. A number of characterization techniques, including inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis demonstrate that this protocol could be applied to extract a wide variety of noble metal ions from water to dichloromethane with an efficiency of > 96%, and has high selectivity for the separation of the noble metal ions from other transition metals. It is therefore an attractive alternative for the extraction of noble metals from water, soil, or waste printed circuit boards.     

Synthesis,crystal structure,photodegradation kinetics and photocatalytic activity of novel photocatalyst ZnBiYO4

ZnBiYO₄ was synthesized by a solid-state reaction method for the first time. The structural and photocatalytic properties of ZnBiYO₄ were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and UV–Vis diffuse reflectance. ZnBiYO₄ crystallized with a tetragonal spinel structure with space group I41/A. The lattice parameters for ZnBiYO₄ were a = b = 11.176479 Å and c = 10.014323 Å. The band gap of ZnBiYO₄ was estimated to be 1.58 eV. The photocatalytic activity of ZnBiYO₄ was assessed by photodegradation of methyl orange under visible light irradiation. The results showed that ZnBiYO₄ had higher catalytic activity compared with N-doped TiO₂ under the same experimental conditions using visible light irradiation. The photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange with ZnBiYO₄ or N-doped TiO₂ as catalyst followed first-order reaction kinetics, and the first-order rate constant was 0.01575 and 0.00416 min^− 1 for ZnBiYO₄ and N-doped TiO₂, respectively. After visible light irradiation for 220 min with ZnBiYO₄ as catalyst, complete removal and mineralization of methyl orange were observed. The reduction of total organic carbon, formation of inorganic products, SO₄^2 − and NO₃⁻, and evolution of CO₂ revealed the continuous mineralization of methyl orange during the photocatalytic process. The intermediate products were identified using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. The ZnBiYO₄/(visible light) photocatalysis system was found to be suitable for textile industry wastewater treatment and could be used to solve other environmental chemical pollution problems.     

小波分析在湖泊常见浮游藻荧光识别测定中的应用

利用Daubechies7（db7）小波函数对27种分属于6个门,22个属的主要湖泊常见浮游藻的三维荧光光谱进行分解,得到各尺度分量及小波分量,应用Bayesian判别分析选择第三层尺度分量（Ca3）作为最佳特征谱,通过系统聚类分析得到浮游藻的标准谱库,结合非负最小二乘法解析的多元线性回归建立湖泊常见浮游藻的荧光识别测定技术.将该技术用于单种藻样品、模拟混合样品及实际混合样品的识别分析,单种藻样品在门类水平上的识别正确率平均为98.6%,识别测定的平均相对含量为90.8%.在实验过程中加入一定比例的噪声,考察了标准谱库的抗噪能力.对于104个实验室混合样品,优势门的藻在门类水平上的平均识别正确率为97.0%,识别的平均相对含量为67.7%,次优势门的藻在门类水平上的平均识别正确率为90.7%,识别的平均相对含量为32.3%.结果表明,所建立的识别测定技术具有可行性.     

A classifier-combined method based on D-S evidence theory for the land cover classification of the Tibetan Plateau

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is a region with high altitudes and complicated terrain conditions. Due to the special conditions of this region, it is also...     

Continental-scale spatial distribution,sources, and health risks of heavy metals in seafood: challenge for the water-food-energy nexus sustainability in coastal regions?

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Rare information on the seafood safety and the coastal water-food-energy nexus sustainability in terms of seafood safety is available. This study...     

蒲河水生态修复工程与功效评估

"十二五"期间,沈阳市蒲河的污染控制与水生态修复工程同步实施。通过污水处理设施建设、水资源调控、生态廊道建设和河道水质改善技术示范等工程建设,实现了水质改善和水生态功能修复的目标。文章对重点工程的实施和功效进行了解析,总结了同类河流整治的科学对策和途径。     

采油废水处理技术研究

采油废水含有大量聚合物,成分复杂,粘度大,且乳化严重极难处理,目前已有部分相关的研究报道.文中关注了近十年各种处理技术的研究成果,着重介绍了传统工艺和膜处理技术在采油废水领域的应用与研究以及存在的主要问题,虽然膜处理存在污染问题,但大量研究结果表明传统处理技术与膜处理技术的有效组合是达到油田回注水标准的有效途径.     

关帝山森林土壤真菌群落结构与遗传多样性特征

土壤微生物群落驱动土壤碳、氮、磷、硫生物地球化学循环,在维持土壤碳汇和生态系统功能等方面发挥重要的作用.分析环境与空间因素在寒温性针叶林土壤微生物群落构建中的作用,可以为区域森林生态系统管理措施的制定提供理论依据.本文利用Illumina高通量测序技术分析了关帝山庞泉沟自然保护区华北落叶松(Larix principis-rupprechtii)林、青杄(Picea wilsonii)林、油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)林以及桦树(Betula spp.)林这4种林型的5个土壤真菌群落(Lp MC1、Lp MC2、Pw MC、Pt MC和BMC)的结构.同时测定林下土壤环境因子及林下植被多样性,分析真菌群落的结构与植被和土壤环境因子的相关性.结果表明:(1)5个样地中共有7个真菌门和33个优势真菌属;(2)冗余分析结果表明:土壤pH、温度、含水率、全氮含量、NH+4含量、全碳含量、蔗糖酶活性、脲酶活性、林下植被优势度和均匀度与土壤真菌群落结构显著相关;(3)聚类分析和PCA分析结果表明,森林植被类型、土壤环境因子和林下植被对土壤真菌群落结构影响显著.(4)空间变量(PCNM)分析结果表明,在局域尺度(local scale)上扩散限制对研究区域真菌群落构建的影响不显著.本研究区森林土壤真菌群落结构主要受到环境选择(土壤pH、温度、含水率、全氮含量、NH+4含量、全碳含量、蔗糖酶活性、脲酶活性、林下植被优势度和均匀度、森林类型)的显著影响.