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991.
Bioaugmentation of denitrifying bacteria can serve as a promising technique to improve nutrient removal during wastewater treatment. While denitrification inhibition by bacterial quorum sensing (QS) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been indicated, the application of bacterial QS disruption to improve nitrate removal from wastewater has not been investigated. In this study, the effect of bioaugmentation of P. aeruginosa SD-1 on nitrate removal in sequencing batch reactors that treat nitrate rich wastewater was assessed. Additionally, the potential of a quorum sensing inhibitor (QSI) to improve denitrification following bacterial bioaugmentation was evaluated. Curcumin, a natural plant extract, was used as a QSI. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) and initial nitrate concentration of the influent were 700±20 mg/L and 200±10 mg/L respectively, and their respective concentrations in the effluent were 56.9±3.2 mg/L and 9.0±3.2 mg/L. Thus, the results revealed that bioaugmentation of P. aeruginosa SD-1 resulted in an increased nitrate removal to 82%±1%. Further, nitrate was almost completely removed following the addition of the QSI, and activities of nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase increased by 88%±2% and 74%±2% respectively. The nitrogen mass balance indicated that aerobic denitrification was employed as the main pathway for nitrogen removal in the reactors. The results imply that bioaugmentation and modulation of QS in denitrifying bacteria, through the use of a QSI, can enhance nitrate removal during wastewater treatment. 相似文献
992.
Xiyan Xu Shuming Liu Ying Liu Kate Smith Xiaoting Wang Junyu Li Ziqing M Zhangqing Wang Yong Cui 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(3):218-226
The current study analyzes the contribution of 10 water quality parameters (including pH, turbidity, conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), hardness, total organic carbon (TOC), alkalinity, calcium ions, chlorides and sulfates) to corrosion extent of stainless steel valves taken from different locations in a reverse osmosis system of a reclaimed water plant. The valves were in service for 5 years. Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses are conducted to quantify corrosion products on different valves under various water quality conditions. On that basis, bivariate and multivariate regression analyses between the 10 water quality parameters and the corrosion extent of valve specimens (represented by metal loss percentage (MLP) values) are carried out to check the contribution of those water quality parameters to MLP. The results indicate that the proportions of metal oxides as corrosion products vary according to the corrosion extent of the valves. Although no linear correlation is found, all 10 water quality parameters except for pH show a significant positive correlation with the MLP values of the valve specimens. Moreover, results of multivariate regression suggest that the variation of MLP can be explained by turbidity, TDS, TOC and sulfates. A positive contribution of turbidity, TDS and TOC to MLP is observed, whereas the contribution of sulfates is negative. The results from the current work help to identify the reasons for water quality-induced failure of stainless steel equipment in RO systems. 相似文献
993.
Fanhao Song Fengchang Wu Weiying Feng Zhi Tang John P. Giesy Fei Guo Di Shi Xiaofei Liu Ning Qin Baoshan Xing Yingchen Bai 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2018,30(12):116-125
Structural characteristics and proton binding properties of sub-fractions (FA3–FA13) of fulvic acid (FA), eluted stepwise by pyrophosphate buffer were examined by use of fluorescence titration combined with fluorescence regional integration (FRI) and differential fluorescence spectroscopy (DFS). Humic-like (H-L) and fulvic-like (F-L) materials, which accounted for more than 80% of fluorescence response, were dominant in five sub-fractions of FA. Based on FRI analysis, except the response of F-L materials in FA9 and FA13, maximum changes in percent fluorescence response were less than 10% as pH was increased from 2.5 to 11.5. Contents of carboxylic and phenolic groups were compared for fluorescence peaks of FA sub-fractions based on pH-dependent fluorescence derived from DFS. Static quenching was the dominant mechanism for binding of protons by FA sub-fractions. Dissociation constants (pKa) were calculated by use of results of DFS and the modified Stern-Volmer relationship. The pKa of H-L, F-L, tryptophan-like and tyrosine-like materials of FA sub-fractions exhibited ranges of 3.17–4.06, 3.12–3.97, 4.14–4.45 and 4.25–4.76, respectively, for acidic pHs. At basic pHs, values of pKa for corresponding materials were in ranges of 9.71–10.24, 9.62–10.99, 9.67–10.31 and 9.33–10.28, respectively. At acidic pH, protein-like (P-L) materials had greater affinities for protons than did either H-L or F-L materials. The di-carboxylic and phenolic groups were likely predominant sites of protonation for both H-L and F-L materials at both acidic and basic pHs. Amino acid groups were significant factors during proton binding to protein-like materials of FA sub-fractions at basic pH. 相似文献
994.
采用一步法合成了SiO_2包覆型纳米零价铁(SiO_2-NZVI),并采用TEM,XRD,FTIR及EDS方法对其进行了表征,考察了SiO_2-NZVI对偶氮、蒽醌、三苯甲烷3种不同类型的染料溶液的脱色能力。表征结果表明:SiO_2-NZVI平均粒径为15~22 nm,SiO_2薄膜厚度均一,约为10 nm;SiO_2-NZVI中所含元素主要为Fe和Si,质量比为90.6∶9.4。实验结果表明:SiO_2-NZVI对3种染料溶液均具有脱色能力,在染料溶液质量浓度为100 mg/L、SiO_2-NZVI加入量为2 g/L、反应时间为35 min的条件下,对甲基橙、孔雀石绿、洋红溶液的脱色率分别为86.04%,97.50%,82.13%;SiO_2-NZVI相对于NZVI有更强的抗氧化能力,且酸性环境有利于SiO_2-NZVI对染料溶液的脱色。 相似文献
995.
Yong Cui Shuming Liu Kate Smith Hongying Hu Fusheng Tang Yuhong Li Kanghua Yu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2016,28(10):79-91
Stainless steels generally have extremely good corrosion resistance, but are still susceptible to pitting corrosion. As a result, corrosion scales can form on the surface of stainless steel after extended exposure to aggressive aqueous environments. Corrosion scales play an important role in affecting water quality. These research results showed that interior regions of stainless steel corrosion scales have a high percentage of chromium phases. We reveal the morphology, micro-structure and physicochemical characteristics of stainless steel corrosion scales. Stainless steel corrosion scale is identified as a podiform chromite deposit according to these characteristics, which is unlike deposit formed during iron corrosion. A conceptual model to explain the formation and growth of stainless steel corrosion scale is proposed based on its composition and structure. The scale growth process involves pitting corrosion on the stainless steel surface and the consecutive generation and homogeneous deposition of corrosion products, which is governed by a series of chemical and electrochemical reactions. This model shows the role of corrosion scales in the mechanism of iron and chromium release from pitting corroded stainless steel materials. The formation of corrosion scale is strongly related to water quality parameters. The presence of HClO results in higher ferric content inside the scales. Cl− and SO42 − ions in reclaimed water play an important role in corrosion pitting of stainless steel and promote the formation of scales. 相似文献
996.
石油贮罐硫自燃的化学机理和控制技术 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7
根据硫化学、电化学和热化学原理 ,系统地分析研究了石油贮罐硫化物的形成和硫自燃的化学机理 ,探讨石油贮罐硫自燃控制技术 ,并提出了新的自然控制思路。笔者认为 ,化学反应、放热、热量积蓄是自燃条件 ,硫氧化、聚热、升温、着火为自燃的主要过程 ;控制硫自燃的主要技术有防止硫腐蚀、减少硫化物的氧化反应、加快散热和降低温度 ,而最有效的方法是电化学控制技术。 相似文献
997.
1993年全世界重要灾害地震27条(其中中国10条),因地震死亡者11332人(中国6人),受伤者31060人(中国132人),造成房屋破坏、财产损失而无家可归者9000人。遭毁坏与破坏的房屋至少6.3万间(中国2.94万间),其中最严重的9次经济损失达2.5亿美元以上.全球6级以上地震118次(其中7级以上地震9次),6级以上深震(深度≥80km)35次(其中7级以上2次),有增强的趋势,地震多发生于环太平洋地震带和青藏高原边缘地震带。对印度的大灾害地震之背景作了论述。 相似文献
998.
瓦斯爆炸是一种复杂的链式反应,为了探求其链式反应的动力学特性,采用详细的瓦斯爆炸链式反应机理(包括53种组分,325个反应),利用软件CHEMKINⅢ中的SENKIN子程序包,利用SENKIN子程序包中的敏感性分析程序块对瓦斯爆炸的详细化学反应机理进行分析,找出对瓦斯爆炸过程反应动力学特性影响较大的反应步。通过数值计算和模拟,对瓦斯爆炸过程中反应物浓度、自由基以及致灾性气体的生成和变化做了敏感性分析,得出了影响瓦斯爆炸的关键反应步为R158,R53,R98,R57,R155,R156,R38,R32,R119。 相似文献
999.
Yucai Lü Xiaofen Wang Ning Li Xiaojuan Wang Masaharu Ishii Yasuo Igarashi Zongjun Cui 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(4)
An efficient cellulose degrading bacteria exists in the thermophilic wheat straw-degrading community, WDC2. However, this strain cannot be isolated and cultured using conventional separation techniques under strict anaerobic conditions. We successfully isolated a strain of effective cellulose degrading bacteria CTL-6 using a wash, heat shock, and solid-liquid alternating process. Analysis of its properties revealed that, although the community containing the strain CTL-6 grew under aerobic conditions, the purified strain CTL-6 only grew under anaerobic culture conditions. The strain CTL-6 had a striking capability of degrading cellulose (80.9% weight loss after 9 days of culture). The highest efficiency value of the endocellulase (CMCase activity) was 0.404 μtmol/(min-mL), cellulose degradation efficiency by CTL-6 was remarkably high at 50-65°C with the highest degradation efficiency observed at 60°C. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the closest relative to strain CTL-6 belonged to the genus Clostridium thermocellum. Strain CTL-6 was capable of utilizing cellulose, celiobiose, and glucose. Strain CTL-6 also grew with Sorbitol as the sole carbon source, whereas C.therrnocellum is unable to do so. 相似文献
1000.
研究从原油污染土壤中驯化分离出高效石油烃降解菌系,以海藻酸钠和硅藻土复合载体将其制备成固定化菌,比较了固定化降解菌与游离菌对土壤中原油的降解率以及它们在土壤中活性与数量的变化.结果表明,土著降解菌经驯化后显示了较高的耐受性和环境适应能力,固定化降解菌产生了较同等菌量的游离菌明显高的降解优势,特别是在实验初期(20天时)... 相似文献