砂状氧化铝技改项目安全管理特性及措施

砂状氧化铝项目是中国铝业公司改善氧化铝产品质量、提高市场竞争力的重大技术改造项目，在山西分公司有3个砂状氧化铝技术改造项目同时施工，与生产交叉进行，时间紧、任务重、技术含量高、点多面广，安全管理难度很大，但通过采取有效措施，就能够保证砂状氧化铝技改项目安全稳定、顺利地进行。     

Inactivation of Cryptosporidium by ozone and cell ultrastructures

The fluorescence staining method and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to study the effect of ozone (O3) inactivating Cryptosporidium in water and cell ultrastructures variation to shed light on the mechanism of inactivation preliminarily.Results indicated that O3 had a stronger inactivating capability.When the concentration of O3 was above 3.0 mg/L and the contact time was up to 7 min,a significant inactivating effect could be achieved.The turbidity on inactivation effects was also found to be statistically significant in artificial water.With increases in turbidity,the inactivating effect decreased.Inactivation rate improved with a temperature increase from 5 to 25°C,but decreased beyond this.The inactivating capability of O3 was found to be stronger under acidic than that under alkalic conditions.When the concentration of organic matter in the reaction system was increased,the competition between Cryptosporidium and organics with O3 probably took place,thereby reducing the inactivation rate.In addition,the cellular morphology of Cryptosporidium varied with different contact times.At zero contact time,cells were rotundity and sphericity,at 60 sec they became folded,underwent emboly,and burst at 480 sec,the cell membrane of Cryptosporidium shrinked and collapsed completely.     

Simultaneous removal of COD and nitrogen using a novel carbon-membrane aerated biofilm reactor

A membrane aerated biofilm reactor is a promising technology for wastewater treatment. In this study, a carbon-membrane aerated biofilm reactor （CMABR） has been developed, to remove carbon organics and nitrogen simultaneously from one reactor. The results showed that CMABR has a high chemical oxygen demand （COD） and nitrogen removal efficiency, as it is operated with a hydraulic retention time （HRT） of 20 h, and it also showed a perfect performance, even if the HRT was shortened to 12 h. In this period, the removal efficiencies of COD, ammonia nitrogen （NH4^＋-N）, and total nitrogen （TN） reached 86%, 94%, and 84%, respectively. However, the removal efficiencies of NH4^＋-N and TN declined rapidly as the HRT was shortened to 8 h. This is because of the excessive growth of biomass on the nonwoven fiber and very high organic loading rate. The fluorescence in situ hybridization （FISH） analysis indicated that the ammonia oxidizing bacteria （AOB） were mainly distributed in the inner layer of the biofilm. The coexistence of AOB and eubacteria in one biofilm can enhance the simultaneous removal of COD and nitrogen.     

Occurrence of phthalate esters in water and sediment of urban lakes in a subtropical city, Guangzhou, South China

Extensive use of phthalate esters (PAEs) in both industrial processes and consumer products has resulted in the ubiquitous presence of these chemicals in the environment. This study reports the first data on the concentrations of 16 phthalate esters (PAEs) in water and sediments of the urban lakes in Guangzhou City. PAEs were detected in all samples analyzed, mainly originating from urban stormwater runoff, atmospheric deposition, as well as untreated discharge of industrial wastewater and municipal sewage. The Sigma(16)PAEs concentrations in water and sediments ranged from 1.69 to 4.72 microg L(-1) and 2.27 to 74.94 microg g(-1)-dry weight (dw), with the mean concentrations of 2.91 microg L(-1) and 20.85 microg g(-1)-dw, respectively, which indicates that sediment is a significant sink for PAEs. Variability of the Sigma 16PAEs concentrations in water and sediment in the urban lakes was almost consistent. The spatial distribution of PAEs was site-specific. Of the 16 PAEs, DMP, DEP, DnBP, DiBP, DMPP, and DEHP were present in all water and sediment samples. DnBP was abundant in water (53.0-81.2%), while no single dominant congener was found in sediments. The abundances of DiBP were similar to those of DEHP, and DiBP and DEHP collectively accounted for 77.2-97.6% of the Sigma 16PAEs concentrations. Congener specific analysis confirmed that DnBP was a predictive indicator for the dissolved summation operator16 PAEs concentration (correlation coefficient r=0.968, p<0.01), and that DiBP was a predictive indicator for the sediment summation operator16 PAEs concentration (r=0.975, p<0.01). As compared to the results for other studies, the urban lakes of Guangzhou were moderately polluted by PAEs.     

Shinella zoogloeoides BC026对吡啶的降解特性研究

从首钢焦化厂的污水处理系统中分离1株能以吡啶为唯一碳、氮源的细菌BC026,它具有自絮凝特性,对卡那霉素、氨苄青霉素和壮观霉素具有抗性,可在阿须贝无氮培养基中良好生长.通过16S rRNA序列分析和Biolog微生物鉴定系统鉴定,确定该菌为Shinella zoogloeoides.纯菌对单基质的降解实验表明,在30℃、180 r/min和pH为7的条件下,当投菌量为0.1 g,L时,BC026可在17 h内将400 mg/L吡啶完全降解;在吡啶初始浓度为99～1 806 mg/L的无机盐培养基中,BC026均能保持降解活性,较高初始浓度的吡啶对BC026的生长产生一定抑制,但BC026在适应后对吡啶的降解速率较快;降解最适温度为30～35℃,最适pH为8.BC026对吡啶的代谢途径研究表明:降解的第一步是断开吡啶的2条C-N链,生成氨氮和戊二醛,随后戊二醛被氧化为戊二酸,并最终转化为二氧化碳和水;吡啶中的氮有59.5%转化成氨氮.     

天津滨海新区海洋经济可持续发展潜力探讨

在对海洋经济可持续发展内涵分析的基础上,构建了以海洋资源承载力、海洋经济发展力和海洋环境质量为主要构成的海洋经济可持续发展指标体系.以天津滨海新区为案例,从环境资源和生态系统稳定的角度对滨海新区海洋经济的可持续发展潜力进行了分析评价,对2006、2008和2015年滨海新区海洋经济发展的可持续综合指数进行了计算,并针对滨海新区海洋经济发展中存在的问题,提出了相应的对策建议.     

堆肥嗜热纤维素分解菌的筛选鉴定及其强化堆肥研究

对采集于农业堆肥高温期的微生物样品进行30d的高温驯化,驯化完成后从中筛选得到15株嗜热纤维素分解菌,经形态学特征、生理生化反应及16S rDNA序列同源性比对鉴定为:Bacillus sp3株,Paenibacillus sp1株,Bacillus licheniformis3株,Bacillus subtilis4株,Brevibacillus borstelensis1株,Bacillus coagulans3株.将筛选得到的菌种添加至高纤维素含量的堆体进行效果验证,结果表明添加嗜热纤维素分解菌对堆肥pH变化无显著影响,但可提高堆肥高温期温度、延长高温期并显著地降低堆肥产品的C/N和有机质含量,显著降低纤维素和半纤维素含量,加快堆肥腐熟.堆体有机质降解动力学结果表明,堆体接菌和不接菌处理的有机质最大降解度分别为62.5481%和61.7101%,速率常数分别为0.1250d-1和0.1051d-1,接菌处理的堆肥比对照堆肥提前6d达到稳定.研究表明,添加筛选的嗜热纤维素分解菌能缩短堆肥周期.     

基于粗糙集理论的地铁灾害应急能力评价研究

本文利用粗糙集理论的相关知识,研究了地铁灾害应急能力的评价问题。从地铁灾害应急能力的特点出发,构建了准确、全面、有效的地铁灾害应急能力评价指标体系,分析了如何利用粗糙集进行权重确定。最后,通过一个应用实例说明了模型的有效性。     

公路工程施工期的环境保护监理

对于生态影响较大的项目,重点发生在施工建设期,为了有效地控制工程施工阶段的生态环境影响和环境污染,开展公路工程施工期的环境保护监理工作尤其重要。本文结合工程环境监理工作实践,简要分析了公路工程施工期的环境保护监理要点。     

小白菜对猪粪中高Cu和Zn的富集与转运

近年来,规模化养猪中Cu和Zn广泛应用于饲料添加剂,导致猪粪含大量的cu和Zn.猪粪土地利用中高Cu和Zn导致的环境污染和植物效应已引起了人们的高度关注.研究高Cu和Zn的猪粪施入土壤后典型蔬菜对Cu和Zn的富集和转运,可为有机蔬菜安全生产和品质提高提供科学依据,对粪便中重金属的健康风险评价具有重要的参考价值.本研究以...