高等师范院校非环境类专业环境教育课程化的探讨

在对高等师范院校环境教育的现状及存在问题进行全面分析的基础上,提出了环境教育课程化的基本方式,包括开设环境教育的系列课程和加强实践性环境教育活动.对高等师范院校非环境类专业环境教育的课程化问题提出一些看法和建议:高等师范院校非环境类专业的环境教育应强化学生的职前培训,实施环境教育的课程化,建立完善的课程体系并采用多种课程教育模式,加强社会实践活动,将传统的师范教育课程体系改为更为广泛的多种课程体系.同时还要注重环境教育师资培养、加强学生的环保法律法规教育、创建绿色校园环境.     

利用灰色Verhulst模型对烟台市空气质量综合评价研究

确定空气中的污染物,预测发展趋势,对改善空气质量状况有着积极的意义.以烟台市2009年-2013年的空气质量为历史数据,利用灰色Verhulst模型预测出未来几年的空气质量数据,其结果显示烟台的空气质量状况在逐年改善,几年后可达到国家一级环境标准.为了确定影响烟台空气质量的主要因素,利用灰色关联分析法得到工厂生活中排放的、烟(粉)尘是最主要的影响因素,私人汽车拥有量和绿化面积是相对重要的影响因素.     

Impact of socioeconomic and meteorological factors on reservoirs’ air quality: a case in the Three Gorges Reservoir of Chongqing (TGRC), China over a 10-year period

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The Three Gorges Dam’s construction and industrial transfer have resulted in a new air pollution pattern with the potential to threaten the...     

1992年世界重要地震灾情及地震活动特征

1992年全世界重要灾情地震62条(其中中国34条),占全世界本年度5级以上地震总数的11％;因地震而死亡者3805人,受伤者约9860人。造成房屋破坏6～7万间。直接经济损失粗略估算国外17.5亿美元,国内1～2亿元人民币。1992年全世界7级以上大震20次,是1976年以来最高值。中国境内虽没有7级以上地震,但估计中国大陆震情呈增强趋势。     

Occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes and bacterial pathogens in water and sediment in urban recreational water

The emergence and prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs) and pathogens in the environment are serious global health concern. However, information about the occurrence of ARGs and pathogens in recreational water is still limited. Accordingly, we investigated the occurrence of six ARGs and human pathogens in three recreational lakes, and the correlations between ARGs and one mobile genetic element(intI1) were analyzed. The quantitative PCR results showed that the concentration of ARGs ranged from 4.58 × 10~0 to 5.0 × 10~5 copies/mL in water and from 5.78 × 10~3 to 5.89 × 10~8 copies/g dry weight(dw)in sediment. Sul1 exhibited the highest level among the five quantifiable ARGs. The concentrations of sul1, bla_(-TEM), and tetX exhibited significant positive correlations with intI1(p 0.05), indicating that intI1 may be involved in their proliferation. The detection frequencies of ARGs ranged from 75%–10~0%, indicating the prevalence of these risks in this region. The concentration of Escherichia coli, Aeromonas spp., Mycobacterium avium,Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella enterica ranged from 10~3 to 10~5 copies/10~0 mL in water and 10~4–10~6 copies/g dw in sediment. In total, 25% of the samples harbored all pathogen genes, indicating the prevalence of these pathogens in recreational lakes.Furthermore, the next-generation sequencing results showed that 68 genera of pathogens were present, among which Aeromonas, Mycobacterium, and Pseudomonas were the dominant ones in this region, posing a considerable potential health risk to public health. Overall, the widespread distribution of ARGs and pathogens underscores the need to better monitor and mitigate their propagation in recreational lakes and the associated risks to human health.     

建筑物震害的类比预测方法研究

在“同一场地上相似的两幢建筑物,未来具有相似的震害程度”的假设前提下,提出了如何利用一个地区的部分建筑物单体的震害预测结果,对这一地区的其它建筑物单体的震害进行预测的方法,并从结构抗震角度研究了如何用加权Ｈａｍ－ｍｉｎｇ距离度量两幢建筑物的相似程度。     

科技投入效率、产学合作研发与全要素碳排放绩效

本文在省域层面上测度了科技投入效率、产学合作研发与全要素碳排放绩效三者之间的关系。结果表明,无论在绩效层面还是在技术层面,2000-2009年间我国科技投入效率和产学合作研发都显著影响全要素碳排放绩效,而市场发育程度、企业联盟研发和企业研发投入三者则不太显著。值得一提的是,经济发展程度与全要素碳排放绩效之间存在显著的正向关系。原因是,一方面我国加大科技投入力度,鼓励、支持、引导产学研合作研发创新,明显地提高了全要素碳排放绩效;另一方面我国市场发育不太完善,企业研发投入不够,企业联盟研发进展缓慢,降低了我国全要素碳排放绩效。我国应加大企业科技经费投入幅度,合理安排科技经费投入结构,实现节能减排的科技经费投入多元化、立体化和动态化,继续发挥产学研的互补优势,建立健全产学研合作的体制机制,营造良好的政策环境和服务氛围,地区间应在要素、技术、监管等层面扩展合作范围,实现不同区域、产业和企业间空间联动。     

几种典型木质地板材料的热重比较实验研究

利用Mettler-Toledo同步热分析仪对市场上利用率比较高的四种木质地板在不同程序控制升温,和不同气氛流量条件下的热解特性进行了研究.同时,为了更好地对地板材料的热解特性进行深入了解,以实木地板为例,验证了升温速率对热分解过程的影响.通过研究发现,四种地板样品的热解过程分为三个阶段,但每个阶段的峰值大小和峰面积各不相同.同时,气氛流量中氧气的参与使热解机理发生改变,反应时间提前,温度升高,热解速度加快.通过对比受热期间的TG、DTG和DSC曲线,确定失重范围,以及各成分的残炭百分比,可以得出四种地板材料试验成分的火灾危险性,即,实木地板的火灾危险性低于其它三种地板材料.     

Numerical simulation of flue gas desulfurization characteristics in CFB with bypass ducts

A new process of flue gas desulfurization in circulating fluidized bed with flue gas bypass ducts is presented. k–? Model, Discrete Phase Model and Finite-Rate Chemistry Model are proposed to simulate the desulfurization process characteristics in circulating fluidized bed reactor. The proposed model is validated by the comparison of experimental data and simulation results. The results show that the desulfurization reactor with bypass ducts is superior to the reactor without bypass ducts. The reactor with bypass ducts has higher desulfurization efficiencies and lower flow resistances than the reactor without bypass ducts, and it is more suitable for flue gas flow variation. Desulfurization reaction rate is controlled by absorption reaction on sorbent particles surface. When water content and Ca/S ratio increase, desulfurization efficiency of the reactor with bypass ducts increases. When SO₂ concentration increases, desulfurization efficiency decreases.