纳米二氧化硅表面改性及其对阿维菌素吸附和缓释性能

以纳米SiO2为原材料,采用硅烷偶联剂KH-570对其进行表面改性,制备了具有疏水性的改性纳米SiO2,通过SEM、IR光谱分析以及元素分析,探讨了纳米SiO2改性后的形貌结构变化,以及其对阿维菌素的吸附和缓释性能.结果表明,经过硅烷偶联剂改性后的纳米SiO2分散性和亲油性都有了较好的改善,在乙醇中对阿维菌素的吸附率从13.98%提高到31.36%,并对阿维菌素具有较好的缓释效果,在溶出介质中对阿维菌素的控制释放时间可以持续80 h,所以,经硅烷偶联剂改性后的纳米SiO2可以作为疏水性药物的控释载体.     

湿法脱硫中真空皮带机脱水效果影响因素

针对多数电厂脱硫石膏含水率偏高的情况,对真空皮带脱水机效果的影响因素进行阐述,主要包括真空皮带脱水机中石膏浆液物料的特性影响、脱硫反应条件的影响和真空皮带脱水机影响因素及处理方法,并根据安徽淮南平圩发电有限责任公司脱硫工程一、二期运行情况提出部分建议。     

Study on habitat suitability of overwintering cranes based on landscape pattern change—a case study of typical lake wetlands in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River

Shengjin Lake wetland is located in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China. It is a typical lake-type wetland and is also an ideal place for rare cranes to overwintering. The changes of wetland landscape are closely related to the habitat quality of wintering cranes. It is of great significance to study the habitat change of wintering cranes in wetland for wetland ecological restoration and restoration. In this paper, we analyze four kinds of winter cranes and wetland landscape pattern types from the years 1986 to 2015. Also, we adopted the Pearson correlation analysis method to analyze the relationship between wetland landscape types and crane population, and the main landscape types of cranes habitat were obtained. We selected disturbance degree, food richness, vegetation cover, and hydrological condition as the main factors affecting wintering habitat of cranes. We established a habitat suitability index model for wintering cranes and generated habitat suitability assessment maps by ArcGIS. The results show that the change of landscape pattern in Shengjin Lake protected area was obvious, the number of wetland patches increased, the fragmentation degree of landscape increased, the landscape patch difference became smaller, and the diversity index and evenness index increased gradually. From 1986 to 2015, the number of wintering cranes decreased and the habitat suitability index of wintering cranes decreased from 0.845 to 0.465, and the habitat suitability of wintering cranes fell from 13,577.11 to 7424.42 ha, which showed the overall habitat deteriorated significantly and had a positive correlation between the crane population and habitat suitability.

     

Toxicity of environmental nanosilver: mechanism and assessment

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Nanosilver (nAg) is increasingly being used in a wide array of fields, and its toxicity has been extensively studied. Here we present a review of environmental nAg...     

基于突发事件生命周期视角的应急物流虚拟联合体的运行模型研究

从突发事件生命周期视角出发,对突发事件的生命周期动态演化全过程进行研究,将突发事件的生命周期分为潜伏期、爆发期、蔓延期、恢复期四个阶段,并深入分析突发事件阶段性特点,推知每一阶段物资需求和应急物流特性。通过跟踪突发事件生命周期演化过程,相应地将应急物流虚拟联合体的运行分为酝酿期、组建起、运行期、终止期四个阶段,并根据每一阶段应急物流特性构建应急物流虚拟联合体在各周期阶段的运行模型,最后阐述了虚拟联合体运行的几点注意事项。目的是切实有效地集成和整合社会专业资源,科学指导应急物流虚拟联合体的社会实践,提高突发事件整体应对能力。     

24小时巡逻的保障巡更系统

社会在不断的进步和发展,人们对安全防范的要求也越来越高,众多的高档住宅小区、酒店实施了"24小时全天候巡逻"许多物业公司纷纷配置了巡更系统,使全天候巡更能够得到真正的实施,每天的巡检在巡更报告面前也得到了充分的印证.巡更系统的出现不仅在以上的领域里得到了充分的应用,在铁路巡查、医院监护、油田管线、监狱巡逻等诸多方面也得到了强烈的反响,这些单位也显示出了浓厚的兴趣.但人们对巡更系统了解的还不是很透彻,影响了应用的扩展.本文在以下几个层面对巡更系统进行介绍,不妥之处欢迎指正与商榷.     

吡啶降解菌中质粒的功能探讨

为了探讨吡啶降解菌质粒的特性及其与降解的关系,对降解吡啶的2株细菌Paracoccus sp.BW001及Shinellazoogloeoides BC026进行了质粒提取和脉冲电泳实验,确定BW001含有2个190～245kb的大质粒和1个4.5～5.0kb的小质粒,而BC026含有至少3个超过200kb的大质粒.通过高温-SDS法对含有质粒的2株菌进行质粒消除实验,发现质粒消除后的细菌不再降解吡啶,推测降解吡啶的基因可能存在于质粒上.通过电转化将Paracoccus sp.BW001的质粒转入E.coli5α中,发现转化后的菌株具有耐受吡啶的特性.     

Toxicity evaluation of 10 oil gelling agents北大核心CSCD

Oil gelling agents are widely used in emergency response of marine oil spills. However, the biological toxicity of oil gelling agents is not well understood. This research aimed to evaluate the environmental safety of oil gelling agents used for rapid removal and cleanup of marine oil spills. We used luminescent bacteria (Acinetobacter sp. Tox2 and Acinetobacter sp. RecA) combined with exposure experiment using marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) juveniles to detect the acute toxicity and genotoxicity of 10 oil gelling agents. As a result, a certain level of acute toxicity was detected from the oil gelling agent FOA and GMN-01 (the toxicity equivalent to 0.067 mg/L and 0.084 mg/L of HgCl2, respectively), and a certain level of genotoxicity was detected from the oil gelling agent NORSOREX (the toxicity equivalent to 0.307 mg/L of MMC) by the luminescent bacteria test. However, no obvious acute toxicity or genotoxicity was detected from the above three oil gelling agents in fish-exposure experiments. Our results suggest that the 10 oil gelling agents have no obvious acute toxicity or genotoxicity to higher organisms (including marine medaka). The luminescent bacteria test is more sensitive in detecting biological toxicity of oil gelling agents. This study provides a reference for environmental safety evaluation of the oil gelling agents used in the cleaning up of the marine oil spills.     

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) requirement for the oxidation of crude oil in contaminated soils by a modified Fenton's reagent

The oxidation of soil organic matter (SOM) and total petroleum hydrocarbon were investigated in two soils at eight different hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) concentrations to determine the optimal H₂O₂ dosage for the efficient remediation of soils contaminated by crude oil with minimal SOM removal. In our study, H₂O₂ concentrations up to 1100 mM increased the SOM destruction up to 10%–15% in the two soils while no improvement of the crude oil removal efficiencies was observed. The results indicate that the destruction of SOM significantly limits the oxidation of crude oil because SOM might consume H₂O₂ more effectively than crude oil at H₂O₂ concentrations above 1100 mM. In addition, H₂O₂ concentrations higher than 1100 mM were not expected for both soils because of the extremely rapid H₂O₂ decomposition, and low H₂O₂ utilization, of both soils.     

Vehicular volatile organic compounds losses due to refueling and diurnal process in China: 2010–2050

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are crucial to control air pollution in major Chinese cities since VOCs are the dominant factor influencing ambient ozone level, and also an important precursor of secondary organic aerosols. Vehicular evaporative emissions have become a major and growing source of VOC emissions in China. This study consists of lab tests, technology evaluation, emissions modeling, policy projections and cost-benefit analysis to draw a roadmap for China for controlling vehicular evaporative emissions. The analysis suggests that evaporative VOC emissions from China's light-duty gasoline vehicles were approximately 185,000 ton in 2010 and would peak at 1,200,000 ton in 2040 without control. The current control strategy implemented in China, as shown in business as usual (BAU) scenario, will barely reduce the long-term growth in emissions. Even if Stage II gasoline station vapor control policies were extended national wide (BAU + extended Stage II), there would still be over 400,000 ton fuel loss in 2050. In contrast, the implementation of on-board refueling vapor recovery (ORVR) on new cars could reduce 97.5% of evaporative VOCs by 2050 (BAU + ORVR/BAU + delayed ORVR). According to the results, a combined Stage II and ORVR program is a comprehensive solution that provides both short-term and long-term benefits. The net cost to achieve the optimal total evaporative VOC control is approximately 62 billion CNY in 2025 and 149 billion CNY in 2050.