外源NO介导Cu~(2+)胁迫下番茄幼苗活性氧与内源NO代谢的研究

采用营养液培养方法,研究Cu~(2+)胁迫下外源一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)介导的番茄幼苗活性氧及NO代谢途径。结果表明:在Cu~(2+)胁迫下,番茄叶片和根系氧自由基含量增加,NO释放量以及硝酸还原酶(nitrate reductase,NR)和一氧化氮合酶(nitric oxide synthase,NOS)活性降低。外源NO能提高Cu~(2+)胁迫下番茄叶片NR和NOS活性,促进NO的产生,根系NOS活性及NO产量也同时上升。外源NO使精氨酸含量显著增加,而Hb(牛血红蛋白,NO清除剂)可部分抵消NO的促进作用,使Cu~(2+)+SNP+Hb处理下番茄精氨酸含量显著下降。可见,外源NO的加入可通过酶促和非酶促途径促进Cu~(2+)胁迫下NO的合成,介导NO信号调控网络,调节内源NO、精氮酸和活性氧代谢途径,从而缓解过多Cu~(2+)引起的氧化伤害。     

非洲鲫鱼Tilapia mossambica(Peters)对汞积累的实验研究

海洋鱼类对汞积累的研究报道,尚不多见.许多学者认为主要是海洋鱼类在室内较长期培养有一定的困难.我们采用在海水中培养的非洲鲫鱼作为实验材料,进行了汞积累的研究. 材料和方法 非洲鲫鱼是一种热带、广盐性鱼类,是水产养殖的优良品种.我们采用平均体长约5cm、9cm,平均体重约3g、10g两种.将鱼苗运回实验室,经过一周的驯化完全过渡到海水中,再驯化两周,然后选择健康的个体进行实验。     

户外长距离运动中雾霾影响的指标分析研究

居民在雾霾天气进行户外长距离运动会使心肺功能受到影响,对户外长距离运动中雾霾影响的指标进行分析,从人数、心情和健康三个角度研究,研究方法为调查对比法,通过分析在雾霾天气下和正常天气下运动员的不同表现,验证雾霾对户外长距离运动的影响。研究结果表明,雾霾天气会打消居民进行户外长距离运动的积极性,减少运动人数,同时使人们感到抑郁烦闷,心情低落。长时间在雾霾天气下运动心肺功能也会受到影响,调查结果具有统计学意义。     

Investigating the bacterial community and amoebae population in rural domestic wastewater reclamation for irrigation

Reclamation of domestic wastewater for agricultural irrigation is viewed as a sustainable option to create an alternative water source and address water scarcity. Free-living amoebae(FLA), which are amphizoic protozoa, are widely distributed in various environmental sources. The FLA could cause considerable environmental and health risks. However, little information is available on the risk of these protozoa. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility using rural domestic wastewater for agricultural irrigation, and analyzed dynamic changes of the microbial community structure and FLA populations in raw and treated wastewater, as well as the phyllosphere and rhizosphere of lettuce production sites that were irrigated with different water sources. The bacterial community dynamics were analyzed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism(T-RFLP). The bacterial community structures in the influent were similar to that in the effluent, while in some cases relative abundances varied significantly. The populations of Acanthamoeba spp. and Hartmannella vermiformis in the anaerobically treated wastewater were significantly higher than in the raw wastewater. The vegetables could harbor diverse amoebae, and the abundances of Acanthamoeba spp. and H. vermiformis in the rhizosphere were significantly higher than in the phyllosphere. Accordingly, our studies show insight into the distribution and dissemination of amoebae in wastewater treatment and irrigation practices.     

NDVI indicated characteristics of vegetation cover change in China��s metropolises over the last three decades

How urban vegetation was influenced by three decades of intensive urbanization in China is of great interest but rarely studied. In this paper, we used satellite derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and socioeconomic data to evaluate effects of urbanization on vegetation cover in China??s 117 metropolises over the last three decades. Our results suggest that current urbanization has caused deterioration of urban vegetation across most cities in China, particularly in East China. At the national scale, average urban area NDVI (NDVI_u) significantly decreased during the last three decades (P?<?0.01), and two distinct periods with different trends can be identified, 1982?C1990 and 1990?C2006. NDVI_u did not show statistically significant trend before 1990 but decrease remarkably after 1990 (P?<?0.01). Different regions also showed difference in the timing of NDVI_u turning point. The year when NDVI_u started to decline significantly for Central China and East China was 1987 and 1990, respectively, while NDVI_u in West China remained relatively constant until 1998. NDVI_u changes in the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta, two regions which has been undergoing the most rapid urbanization in China, also show different characteristics. The Pearl River Delta experienced a rapid decline in NDVI_u from the early 1980s to the mid-1990s; while in the Yangtze River Delta, NDVI_u did not decline significantly until the early 1990s. Such different patterns of NDVI_u changes are closely linked with policy-oriented difference in urbanization dynamics of these regions, which highlights the importance of implementing a sustainable urban development policy.     

COD/SO_4~(2-)值对硫酸盐还原率的影响

研究利用 UASB反应器考察了 COD和硫酸盐浓度的比值对硫酸盐还原的影响 ,同时分析了硫酸盐还原菌和产甲烷菌对COD的竞争情况 .发现在 HRT为 3.8h,SO2 -4 负荷为 6～ 7kg· ( m3· d) - 1 ,SO2 -4 浓度为 1 0 0 0 mg· L- 1 条件下 :1在 COD不足时 ,SRB与 MPB在竞争中占微弱优势 ;对于产甲烷活性比较好的厌氧污泥要经过较长的时间 ,SRB才能确立优势菌种的地位 .2 COD/ SO2 -4 比值决定了 SO2 -4 的去除率 .比值等于 2时 ,SO2 -4 的还原率在 95%以上 ;当比值为 1 .5时 ,SO2 -4 还原率为 75% ;当比值为 1时 ,SO2 -4 的还原率为 60 % .     

Recycling sewage sludge into ceramic materials: A review

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Huge amounts of unwanted sewage sludge are generated in the process of wastewater treatment, calling for methods to recycle sewage sludges into value-added...     

MSWNet: A visual deep machine learning method adopting transfer learning based upon ResNet 50 for municipal solid waste sorting

● MSWNet was proposed to classify municipal solid waste. ● Transfer learning could promote the performance of MSWNet. ● Cyclical learning rate was adopted to quickly tune hyperparameters. An intelligent and efficient methodology is needed owning to the continuous increase of global municipal solid waste (MSW). This is because the common methods of manual and semi-mechanical screenings not only consume large amount of manpower and material resources but also accelerate virus community transmission. As the categories of MSW are diverse considering their compositions, chemical reactions, and processing procedures, etc., resulting in low efficiencies in MSW sorting using the traditional methods. Deep machine learning can help MSW sorting becoming into a smarter and more efficient mode. This study for the first time applied MSWNet in MSW sorting, a ResNet-50 with transfer learning. The method of cyclical learning rate was taken to avoid blind finding, and tests were repeated until accidentally encountering a good value. Measures of visualization were also considered to make the MSWNet model more transparent and accountable. Results showed transfer learning enhanced the efficiency of training time (from 741 s to 598.5 s), and improved the accuracy of recognition performance (from 88.50% to 93.50%); MSWNet showed a better performance in MSW classsification in terms of sensitivity (93.50%), precision (93.40%), F1-score (93.40%), accuracy (93.50%) and AUC (92.00%). The findings of this study can be taken as a reference for building the model MSW classification by deep learning, quantifying a suitable learning rate, and changing the data from high dimensions to two dimensions.     

活性炭纤维吸附／热解吸／毛细管气相色谱法测定低浓度VOCs的方法

本文以活性炭纤维为吸附材料,建立了活性炭纤维吸附／二次热解吸 缩／毛细管气相色谱法测定空气中ＶＯＣＳ的方法,讨论了吸附剂的安全采样体积,湿度控制及分析方法的精密度,检出限和回收率。本法对苯,甲苯,四氯乙烯,对－二甲苯和苯乙类的最低可测浓度分别为０．１３,０．０２,０．１２,０．０５和０．０５μｇ．ｍ＾－３,适用于低浓度ＶＯＣＳ样品的测定。     

震后灾害链生机制及其对汶川地震城镇重建的影响

汶川8级大地震对地表产生强烈扰动,导致次生山地灾害极度发育,影响到震后灾害的活动特征及其相应的减灾对策。震后松散固体物质急剧增加、流域微地貌变化明显(沟道堵塞严重)、水文变化利于侵蚀和洪峰,使得灾害群发链生:崩塌、滑坡→泥石流→堰塞湖→溃决洪水(泥石流),8月中旬灾区各地因强降雨而大规模爆发泥石流堵塞河道,洪水冲毁掩埋重建城镇,给地震重灾区造成巨大损失。从以汶川县映秀镇为例,在阐述灾害链研究成果的基础上,分析震后灾害链的形成条件、成灾过程以及对城镇重建居民点的危害特点,进而提出灾害防治措施,为灾后城镇建设防灾减灾提供参考建议。