水质自动监测站建设的要求与管理的思考

水环境自动监测现已是中国水环境监测的发展趋势,建设水质自动监测站前期准备工作与后来实践效果有着很大的关系,建设水质自动监测站的站址选择,采水系统工程的施工,监测仪器的选配,安装,严格遵守仪器技术要求和认真执行操作程序对监测数据的准确性有很大的相关性.现就同江水质自动监测站建站几年来运行情况,管理情况,建站时的设想及实践中联想到的问题浅谈个人点滴体会,仅供所需单位参考.     

松嫩流域特大洪灾的醒示:湿地功能的再认识

分析了１９９８年松嫩流域特大洪水发生与湿地丧失和退化的关系,根据湿地所具有的多种功能和效益,提出了松嫩流域水资源管理和防洪体系建设对策。近半个世纪以来,由于人口增长,人水争地,松嫩流域内湿地丧失达７０％,湿地质量也发生明显的退化,使本区湿地具有的抵御洪水、调节径流、蓄洪防旱、控制污染、生物多样性保护等方面功能逐渐降低,生态环境趋于恶化。必须从全流域、大系统的角度出发,全面分析上、中、下游的自然、社会、经济条件与湿地的地位,统筹规划,分步实施,封山育林,保持水土,圈地分洪,保护湿地,加固堤防,疏浚河道,整治环境,合理开发,将区域的社会、经济发展建立在可持续的环境基础上。     

喹啉及其衍生物微生物降解研究进展

喹啉类氮杂环化合物在水、土壤环境中普遍存在，受其污染的水、土壤环境生物修复是目前环境治理领域的重要课题。介绍了近年来喹啉类氮杂环化合物微生物降解的国内外研究进展，主要包括可利用喹啉类氮杂环化合物作为碳源、氮源和能源的微生物资源、微生物降解的有氧代谢和无氧代谢两大途径，以及喹啉类化合物的降解动力学。在此基础上，提出了需要进一步研究的方向。     

用改性三效催化剂净化汽车尾气的试验研究

在制备Cu-Mn-Ce-O三效催化剂的基础上，通过实验研究了制备各种催化剂的空燃比特性和温度特性，结果表明：掺杂非贵金属K、Fe和TiO2只能提高尾气中某些组分的转化率，缩小催化剂的操作窗口；贵金属Pd的加入提高了催化剂的三效活性，加宽了催化剂的操作窗口，而催化剂的起燃温度没有明显降低。     

Water quality induced corrosion of stainless steel valves during long-term service in a reverse osmosis system

The current study analyzes the contribution of 10 water quality parameters (including pH, turbidity, conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), hardness, total organic carbon (TOC), alkalinity, calcium ions, chlorides and sulfates) to corrosion extent of stainless steel valves taken from different locations in a reverse osmosis system of a reclaimed water plant. The valves were in service for 5 years. Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses are conducted to quantify corrosion products on different valves under various water quality conditions. On that basis, bivariate and multivariate regression analyses between the 10 water quality parameters and the corrosion extent of valve specimens (represented by metal loss percentage (MLP) values) are carried out to check the contribution of those water quality parameters to MLP. The results indicate that the proportions of metal oxides as corrosion products vary according to the corrosion extent of the valves. Although no linear correlation is found, all 10 water quality parameters except for pH show a significant positive correlation with the MLP values of the valve specimens. Moreover, results of multivariate regression suggest that the variation of MLP can be explained by turbidity, TDS, TOC and sulfates. A positive contribution of turbidity, TDS and TOC to MLP is observed, whereas the contribution of sulfates is negative. The results from the current work help to identify the reasons for water quality-induced failure of stainless steel equipment in RO systems.     

Bioaugmentation and quorum sensing disruption as solutions to increase nitrate removal in sequencing batch reactors treating nitrate-rich wastewater

Bioaugmentation of denitrifying bacteria can serve as a promising technique to improve nutrient removal during wastewater treatment. While denitrification inhibition by bacterial quorum sensing (QS) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been indicated, the application of bacterial QS disruption to improve nitrate removal from wastewater has not been investigated. In this study, the effect of bioaugmentation of P. aeruginosa SD-1 on nitrate removal in sequencing batch reactors that treat nitrate rich wastewater was assessed. Additionally, the potential of a quorum sensing inhibitor (QSI) to improve denitrification following bacterial bioaugmentation was evaluated. Curcumin, a natural plant extract, was used as a QSI. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) and initial nitrate concentration of the influent were 700±20 mg/L and 200±10 mg/L respectively, and their respective concentrations in the effluent were 56.9±3.2 mg/L and 9.0±3.2 mg/L. Thus, the results revealed that bioaugmentation of P. aeruginosa SD-1 resulted in an increased nitrate removal to 82%±1%. Further, nitrate was almost completely removed following the addition of the QSI, and activities of nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase increased by 88%±2% and 74%±2% respectively. The nitrogen mass balance indicated that aerobic denitrification was employed as the main pathway for nitrogen removal in the reactors. The results imply that bioaugmentation and modulation of QS in denitrifying bacteria, through the use of a QSI, can enhance nitrate removal during wastewater treatment.     

临近空间环境探空火箭膨胀落球探测技术

针对临近空间大气环境探测需求,介绍了一种可用于30~100 km临近空间大气密度、风场、温度和气压的原位探测技术——探空火箭膨胀落球探测技术,阐述了其探测原理、系统组成和探测过程,采用仿真方法模拟了膨胀落球的探测数据,并利用模拟探测数据成功反演了30~100 km临近空间大气密度、风场、温度和气压等大气产品。该技术具有探测要素多、探测高度范围广、载荷成本低、设备较为简单等特点,对于我国临近空间环境探测和环境研究具有重要意义。     

考虑环保约束的大型建筑施工进程BIM模型设计研究

提出基于环保约束的大型建筑施工进程BIM模型设计方法,将大型施工建设中的固体污染物质排放、废水排放、粉尘污染以及水泥渣土对土壤的污染等信息因素纳入到信息管理模型中,结合均衡博弈控制方法,进行建设施工进程信息管理的资源优化分配,以环保代价最低为约束函数,实现BIM模型参数的优化求解,完成大型建筑施工进程BIM模型优化设计,降低污染排放,实现绿色建设,促进大型建筑施工的绿色生产和可持续发展。     

石油贮罐硫自燃的化学机理和控制技术

根据硫化学、电化学和热化学原理 ,系统地分析研究了石油贮罐硫化物的形成和硫自燃的化学机理 ,探讨石油贮罐硫自燃控制技术 ,并提出了新的自然控制思路。笔者认为 ,化学反应、放热、热量积蓄是自燃条件 ,硫氧化、聚热、升温、着火为自燃的主要过程 ;控制硫自燃的主要技术有防止硫腐蚀、减少硫化物的氧化反应、加快散热和降低温度 ,而最有效的方法是电化学控制技术。     

东北小城镇饮用水处理技术专家系统建立

针对东北地区小城镇水处理技术匮乏、饮用水水源类型复杂等问题,对现有饮用水处理技术与工艺进行归纳分析,建立东北小城镇饮用水处理技术专家系统。该专家系统软件可根据具体的原水条件遴选出适合东北小城镇水源的给水处理技术与工艺,具有水质判定、工艺查询、技术支撑等功能,为东北地区小城镇饮用水工程建设提供科技支撑。