支撑气膜法脱除／回收垃圾渗滤液中氨氮

利用由微孔疏水性聚丙烯中空纤维制成的工业级膜组件对垃圾渗滤液中氨氮进行支撑气膜法脱除研究,考察了泡沫分离．石灰絮凝等预处理技术对垃圾渗滤液表面张力及COD值的处理效果,在此基础上研究了物料因素和操作因素对膜传质性能的影响,并对该工艺的长期操作稳定性进行了研究。实验结果表明该预处理技术不仅可显著提高垃圾渗滤液的表面张力,还可大大降低其色度和COD值。当进料流量为100L／h、进料氨氮浓度为1000～3000mg／L、硫酸吸收液流量为200L／h、硫酸浓度为6％～10％、温度为20～30℃时,支撑气膜过程（两级膜组件串联）可有效脱除垃圾渗滤液中99％以上的氨氮,同时得到含10％～15％硫酸铵的水溶液作为副产品。工业级支撑气膜组件在连续运行的2个月内保持了良好的传质稳定性。     

内循环泡沫浮选塔间歇分离含镉废水

为强化气液传质,提出了泡沫塔对泡沫分离性能影响的研究,并为此设计了在泡沫塔内加内循环套筒的泡沫分离塔。结果表明,与没有加内循环套管的常规塔相比,通过FT-IR检测分析,内循环塔性能明显优于常规塔。在间歇分离条件下,研究在内循环塔内处理含镉废水,探讨pH、LAS、停留时间、气泡大小等因素对镉去除率的影响。确定最佳处理条件为:pH=4.0,LAS=65 mg/L,塔内停留时间大于20 min,气体流量为250 mL/min,在此最佳实验条件下,镉的去除率可达99.9%以上,此时的镉质量浓度为10 mg/L。表面活性剂协同效应实验结果表明,在加入阳离子表面活性剂十二烷基二甲基苄基溴化铵时,会形成一个二元表面活性剂协同效应区。     

固定化白腐真菌处理含酚废水

研究了固定化白腐真菌在含酚废水处理中的应用,培养和固定了能有效降解含酚废水的白腐真菌,并用固定化的白腐真菌处理了各种条件(载体、浓度、pH和温度)下的含酚废水。利用静态实验,分析了去除效果的影响因素,并初步探讨了其降解机理。实验结果表明,白腐真菌去除酚类化合物的最佳条件为以木屑为载体、含酚废水浓度为250 mg/L以下、pH=6.5、温度为30℃,去除率可达89.97%。     

Wetting properties and performance test of modified rigid collector in wet electrostatic precipitators

The fine particles are considered a significant pollution problem. The wet electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) have advantages of efficient collection of the fine particles with lower pressure drop and eliminating reentrainment. The wetting properties of the collector surfaces have significantly important effect on wet ESPs’ stable and secure operation. The modified rigid collector (MRC) was modified by coating specific vinyl ester resin composites and loose glass fiber cloth over the conventional carbon steel in a certain way. The rigid collector surfaces before and after modification had been characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and interface tensiometer. The effect of operating temperatures on the wetting properties of the rigid collector surfaces before and after modification was investigated. The temperature range was 40~90 °C, and the wetting properties contained liquid holdup, surface flow rate, film rate, average film thickness, and critical saturation time. The modified rigid collector surface exhibited excellent wetting properties at the operating temperatures. The fine particles collection performance compared among the MRC, the conventional rigid collector (CRC), and the flexible collector (FC) in the wet ESPs was investigated. The effects of the applied voltage, the water film, corona power, and the specific collecting area on the fine particles collection were evaluated. The modified rigid collector provided high fine particles collection effect with lower energy and water consumption.

Implications: To improve the submicron particles collection efficiency and decrease energy and water consumption, the formation of uniform water film over the collector surfaces has been widely studied. The modified rigid collector was modified by coating specific vinyl ester resin composites and loose glass fiber cloth (ERGF) over the conventional carbon steel (CCS) in a certain way. The modified rigid collector surface exhibited excellent wetting properties. The wet ESPs by the modified rigid collector exhibited significantly higher particles collection efficiency than by the conventional rigid collector.     

改性莴笋叶渣净化空气中甲醛

通过对莴笋叶2种处理吸附甲醛,得出简便高效的碱热烫处理,并采用二次正交旋转回归组合对其优化,得出煮沸时间25 min、水浴温度80℃、水浴时间2.5h,莴笋叶渣对甲醛吸附率可达37.05％,实测值36.4％,二者吻合.通过与活性炭、硅藻纯吸附效果比较,优化处理莴笋叶渣与硅藻纯吸附效果相当,均优于活性炭.电镜观测知优化莴笋叶渣与活性炭、硅藻纯均具粗糙、皱褶、疏松结构,傅里叶红外光谱分析出-C=C-基团在甲醛吸附中起主要作用.     

石化废水挥发性有机物逸散量的估算方法

总结了实测法、物料衡算法、模型法、排放系数法、工程估算法等国内外石化废水挥发性有机物(VOCs)逸散量估算方法的主要特点及适用范围。应用排放系数法和实测法估算国内某石化厂废水收集处理系统VOCs逸散量为354.26 t/a。根据估算方法的实际应用研究,建议物料衡算法中废水油相VOCs逸散可结合油相敞口面积和油相性质,提供废水油相的排放系数;应用Water 9软件估算含油膜废水设施逸散量时,应单独估算油膜VOCs逸散量;建议排放系数法中废水收集系统排水口、检查井未密闭VOCs排放系数均确定为0.032 kg/h(每个逸散源),废水处理系统油水分离器、气浮装置按进水中石油类浓度的大小,分别提供VOCs排放系数。     

Microbial abundance and community in subsurface flow constructed wetland microcosms: role of plant presence

In this research, the role of plants in improving microorganism growth conditions in subsurface flow constructed wetland (CW) microcosms was determined. In particular, microbial abundance and community were investigated during summer and winter in Phragmites australis-planted CW microcosms (PA) and unplanted CW microcosms (control, CT). Results revealed that the removal efficiencies of pollutants and microbial community structure varied in winter with variable microbial abundance. During summer, PA comprised more dominant phyla (e.g., Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes), whereas CT contained more Cyanobacteria and photosynthetic bacteria. During winter, the abundance of Proteobacteria was >40 % in PA but dramatically decreased in CT. Moreover, Cyanobacteria and photosynthetic bacterial dominance in CT decreased. In both seasons, bacteria were more abundant in root surfaces than in sand. Plant presence positively affected microbial abundance and community. The potential removal ability of CT, in which Cyanobacteria and photosynthetic bacteria were abundant during summer, was more significantly affected by temperature reduction than that of PA with plant presence.     

社会组织参与区域合作治理进化博弈模型

社会多元化与公民社会的快速发展,促使社会组织参与社会治理和应急响应的诉求与能力日益加强,驱动着政府职能变革和区域治理方式创新。区域合作治理过程中,治理主体依据情景态势调整策略,影响其他主体的治理收益和策略选择,形成复杂的动态博弈关系。本文把握政府与社会组织的动态博弈行为特征,确定区域合作治理的博弈支付矩阵与复制动态方程,构建区域政府与社会组织合作治理进化博弈模型。分析得出5个可能的均衡点,通过雅可比矩阵分析均衡点的稳定性,可知政府与社会组织合作治理进化博弈的长期稳定策略集为{(合作,合作),(不合作,不合作)}。模型结果分析表明,合作收益直接影响着博弈稳定策略的进化方向,收益大于成本是政府与社会组织选择合作策略的必要条件,任一方的合作收益小于成本,选择独立行动是双方的占优策略,最终的策略选择与政府和社会组织合作所获取的超额收益、支付成本及合作水平密切相关。合作超额收益增加或合作水平提升时,博弈系统向(合作,合作)演化的概率加大;合作成本增加时,博弈系统向(不合作,不合作)演化的概率加大。制度规范不健全、组织信任缺失、社会组织力量薄弱等因素影响进化均衡结果,社会组织创新发展氛围尚未形成、自组织性和自律性内生动力不足,是制约社会组织参与合作治理的关键问题。基于此,提出社会组织参与区域合作治理的协调机制及培育机制,具体策略包括:明确权责关系、畅通参与渠道、创新合作形式,以及优化管理制度、让渡成长空间和树立社会公信。     

从粉煤灰中回收氧化铝

简要介绍了国外从粉煤灰中回收氧化铝的几种方法，着重研究了煅烧／稀酸过滤法影响氧化铝回收率的各种因素。     

纳米零价铁颗粒去除污染土壤HCl浸提液中的Pb

主要研究了纳米零价铁颗粒对土壤HCl浸提液中重金属Pb的去除效果。通过批实验探讨HCl浓度、纳米零价铁投入量以及处理时间对Pb去除率的影响。实验结果表明,纳米零价铁颗粒对浸提液中Pb的去除反应符合langmuir和freundlich等温吸附方程;反应遵循准一级反应动力学方程,标准化后的反应速率常数KSA=0.018 mL/(m2.min);反应30 min时,0.5 g纳米零价铁对1.0 mol/L的HCl所提取Pb(51.7 mg/L)的去除率达到91.8%。研究结果表明,纳米零价铁对土壤HCl浸提液中Pb具有良好去除效果,但相对于处理水溶液中的Pb,反应速率偏低。