有毒难降解有机物高级氧化电催化电极

在电催化电极的作用下 ,电化学反应和化学催化作用结合 ,导致有机分子的电催化降解。在分析中 ,综述了电催化高级氧化电极研究现状 ,阐述与评价了过渡金属涂层电极、金属氧化物涂层电极、含掺杂半导体涂层电极、金刚石膜电极、三维电极等几个主要方面的研究成果 ,并对今后工作的重点提出了一些意见。     

Dissolved organic carbon, a critical factor to increase the bioavailability of phosphorus during biochar-amended aerobic composting

Considerable research efforts have been devoted to increase phosphorus（P） availability during aerobic composting.However,there is little discussion weather the dissolved organic carbon（DOC） controls the transformation among P-fractions.Thus,we investigated the changes in DOC compositions and P-fractions during biochar-amended composting（wet weight basis,5% and 10%）.TP content continuously increased since the ’concentration effect’ during aerobic composting.NaHCO₃-Pi,NaOH-Pi and HCl-Pi...     

NiB2O4 (B = Mn or Co) catalysts for NH3-SCR of NOx at low-temperature in microwave field

● Microwave-assisted catalytic NH₃-SCR reaction over spinel oxides is carried out. ● SCR reaction temperature is tremendously lowered in microwave field. ● NO conversion of NiMn₂O₄ is highly up to 90.6% at 70°C under microwave heating. Microwave-assisted selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides (NO_x) was investigated over Ni-based metal oxides. The NiMn₂O₄ and NiCo₂O₄ catalysts were synthesized by the co-precipitation method and their activities were evaluated as potential candidate catalysts for low-temperature NH₃-SCR in a microwave field. The physicochemical properties and structures of the catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), N₂-physisorption, NO adsorption-desorption in the microwave field, H₂-temperature programmed reduction (H₂-TPR) and NH₃-temperature programmed desorption (NH₃-TPD). The results verified that microwave radiation reduced the reaction temperature required for NH₃-SCR compared to conventional heating, which needed less energy. For the NiMn₂O₄ catalyst, the catalytic efficiency exceeded 90% at 70 °C and reached 96.8% at 110 °C in the microwave field. Meanwhile, the NiMn₂O₄ also exhibited excellent low-temperature NH₃-SCR reaction performance under conventional heating conditions, which is due to the high BET specific surface area, more suitable redox property, good NO adsorption-desorption in the microwave field and rich acidic sites.     

核试验场与核武器储库的防震减灾

1998年6月美国能源部和国防部高级计划局联合美国紧急事务管理局,共同执行了一项美国核设施地震安全诊断计划,对全美32个重点基地、试验场、核潜艇停靠地、核武器储存地进行地震安全检查,包括评定地点的地震活动与地震危险,设施抗震工程易损性以及预测地震发生期间设施的保护措施。检查结果表明,发生过地震的地点有破损的迹象,一些地点有发生中等强度地震的     

质量、职业健康安全及环境三体系整合

就济钢实施质量、职业健康安全及环境三体系整合工作的依据、可行性进行论证,介绍了三体系整合的情况及实施放果。     

Evidence for DNA-diquat interaction and cytotoxicity in in vitro rat cells

Over 98% of sprayed insecticides and 95% of herbicides reach non-target species in air, soil, and water. Numerous studies have reported that pesticide residues can cause acute and chronic toxicity. Pesticide residues can be carcinogenic, mutagenic, and immunotoxic. There are actually too few studies that bridge the disciplines of chemobioanalysis and environmental toxicology. Here, we assessed the cytotoxicity of a bipyridilium herbicide diquat in rat adrenal pheochromocytoma cells (PC12). Our results show that diquat caused the decrease in cell viability with a lethal concentration 50 (LC₅₀) of 1.4 × 10⁻⁵ mol/L. This cytotoxicity may result from diquat-induced apoptosis, characterized by nuclear fragmentation and chromatin condensation by Hoechst 33324 staining. To explore the possible mechanisms, the interaction between herbicide diquat and calf thymus DNA (ctDNA) was further investigated using fluorescence quenching. The detection of static quenching showed that diquat was linked with ctDNA by electrostatic interaction with a binding constant of 9.288 × 10⁴ L/mol. This is the first study on the interaction of DNA with herbicide diquat by fluorometric method as well as on the evaluation of cytotoxicity by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and Hoechst staining. Given the widespread use of synthetic pesticides, the data would be valuable for the risk assessment of pesticide residues.     

PFOA对斑马鱼胚胎发育、行为和DNA损伤的毒性研究

全氟辛酸(PFOA)是一种分布广泛的环境持久性有机污染物,在野生动物与人体内普遍被检出。目前PFOA发育毒性的特点和机制尚未阐明,已有的研究显示,PFOA毒性与受试物种及性别密切相关。因此,利用不同物种进行PFOA毒性研究对阐明其毒性机制十分重要。本研究选用了斑马鱼这种理想的脊椎动物模型,考察了PFOA暴露对其胚胎发育的自主运动、心跳、行为、细胞凋亡和DNA损伤的影响。研究发现,始于6hpf的PFOA暴露会导致斑马鱼胚胎自主运动异常,心率降低,且具有一定的剂量依赖性;6～24hpf的高浓度的PFOA暴露(>414.0mg·L-1)会导致胚胎发生显著的细胞凋亡,凋亡主要出现在眼部、头部、心脏和尾部。较高浓度的PFOA暴露(165.6mg·L-1)会使仔鱼的光刺激应激行为模式发生变化。此外,PFOA暴露会致使斑马鱼发生DNA损伤,且损伤程度随PFOA浓度的升高而加重,表明PFOA具有一定的基因毒性。上述结果表明,PFOA对斑马鱼胚胎具有发育毒性,具体表现为自主运动异常,心率降低和行为反应能力变弱,同时伴随畸形、细胞凋亡和DNA损伤。     

全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)对斑马鱼血浆和组织匀浆中卵黄蛋白原含量的影响

为了研究低剂量的全氟辛烷磺酸(perfluorooctane sulfonate,PFOS)对水生生物的内分泌干扰效应和作用机制,考察了PFOS对斑马鱼(Brachydanio rerio)血浆和组织匀浆中卵黄蛋白原(vitellogenin,VTG)含量的影响。将雄性和雌性斑马鱼分别暴露于0.1、1、10和100μg·L-1的PFOS中进行21d毒性实验,染毒结束后分别检测雄鱼和雌鱼的血浆、头尾组织匀浆液和全鱼匀浆液中的VTG含量。结果显示:(1)PFOS暴露可引起斑马鱼血浆、全鱼和头尾匀浆液中VTG含量的升高,VTG含量的排序为雌鱼(血浆>>全鱼匀浆>头尾匀浆)>>雄鱼(血浆>全鱼匀浆>>头尾匀浆);(2)PFOS暴露所引起的雄鱼血浆和头尾匀浆中VTG含量的升高与剂量呈负相关关系,暴露浓度为0.1μg·L-1时与对照组相比有显著性差异(p<0.05);(3)雌鱼血浆和头尾匀浆中VTG含量的升高与剂量呈倒U型曲线关系,暴露浓度为10μg·L-1时与对照组相比有显著性差异(p<0.05);(4)雄鱼和雌鱼的全鱼匀浆液中的VTG含量与对照组相比均无显著性差异。研究结果表明,PFOS暴露对斑马鱼的内分泌干扰作用明显,其毒性作用机制可能是类雌激素效应,血液和头尾匀浆液中VTG含量能够作为PFOS内分泌干扰效应评价的敏感生物标志物,但响应曲线可能因性别和组织部位的不同有所差异。     

Characterization and performance of V2O5/CeO2 for NH3-SCR of NO at low temperatures

A series of CeO₂ supported V₂O₅ catalysts with various loadings were prepared with different calcination temperatures by the incipient impregnation. The catalysts were evaluated for low temperature selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with ammonia (NH₃). The effects of O₂ and SO₂ on catalytic activity were also studied. The catalysts were characterized by specific surface areas (S_BET) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. The experimental results showed that NO conversion changed significantly with the different V₂O₅ loading and calcination temperature. With the V₂O₅ loading increasing from 0 to 10 wt%, NO conversion increased significantly, but decreased at higher loading. The optimum calcination temperature was 400°C. The best catalyst yielded above 80% NO conversion in the reaction temperature range of 160°C–300°C. The formation of CeVO₄ on the surface of catalysts caused the decrease of redox ability.     

A method for removing persulfate interference in the analysis of the chemical oxygen demand in wastewater

Environmental Chemistry Letters - In recent years, sulfate radical-based advanced oxidation has&nbsp;received increasing attention for the treatment of water and wastewater....