The integration of HAZOP expert system and piping and instrumentation diagrams

The main purpose of hazard and operability (HAZOP) analysis is to identify the potential hazards in the process design which nowadays is generally developed through a computer aided design (CAD) package. Due to the time and effort consuming nature of HAZOP, it is not done in every engineering firm for every design project. To make HAZOP an integral part of process design, an integration framework is proposed in this paper to seamlessly integrate the commercial process design package Smart Plant P&ID (SPPID, Intergraph) with one of the HAZOP expert systems (named as LDGHAZOP) developed by authors. This integration makes it possible to perform HAZOP analysis easily at anytime of the whole lifecycle of a chemical plant as long as the process design is available, which might help the improvement of design quality. One industrial case study is used to illustrate the ability of the integrated system.     

增强服务意识,创新管理模式,提升PPE信息化管理水平——PPE信息管理系统介绍

本文概括介绍了PPE信息管理系统。该系统是根据国标委和国家安监总局的信息化建设总要求,结合全国个体防护装备(PPE)标委会实际研发的,包括PPE标准化工作管理、标准全程控制、PPE辅助决策3个子系统。该系统打造了PPE标委会的信息化管理平台,满足了标准化工作对信息化管理的需要,提高了信息化管理水平。利用这个平台,标委会能够实现技术培训、信息发布、标准查询、辅助决策等功能,从而全面提升本领域标准化管理水平,促进本行业发展。     

SO2对Ag/Al2O3催化剂上CH3OH还原NO性能的影响

用溶胶-凝胶混合法制备了Ag负载量为5%的Ag/A1₂O₃催化剂.研究了富氧条件下,SO₂对CH₃OH在催化剂上还原NO性能的影响.结果表明,反应气不含SO₂和H₂O时,NO还原活性温度较低,有显著量N₂O生成,这被归因为反应过程中,部分氧化态Ag被还原为金属Ag.添加SO₂或同时添加SO₂和H_{2相似文献}   

土壤中微生物及其环境效益的浅析

关于土壤微生物活性,已经成为目前土壤方面研究的热点问题。有些学者曾经对微生物在土壤环境中的作用表示怀疑,他们过分强调物理化学作用在土壤形成和土壤环境效应中的作用,而忽视微生物的研究。随着土壤学研究的深入,关于土壤成因、土壤生产力和环境现象已经越来越复杂,单纯依靠物理和化学的知识已经无法解释某些复杂的实验现象,现在必须依靠微生物来解释某些现象。本文将对土壤微生物在土壤研究中的作用进行简述,同时分析土壤环境变化对微生物数量和活性的影响,并简述一些微生物研究的进展。     

顶空毛细柱气相色谱法测定水中七种苯系物研究

选用Elite-FFAP色谱柱,利用顶空-毛细柱气相色谱技术对水中的苯、甲苯、乙苯、对二甲苯、间二甲苯、邻二甲苯、苯乙烯七种挥发性苯系物进行同时测定,并对样品的平衡温度、保温时间、程序升温的条件控制、水中含盐量等影响因素进行了探讨,优化了检测条件,使七种挥发性苯系物得到不错的分离。样品平衡温度控制在70℃,样品平衡时间19 min,进样口温度180℃,检测器温度230℃,10 mL水样中加入4 g NaCl的条件下,分离效果最佳。     

密云水库底泥和库滨区土壤中氨氧化细菌的多样性和丰度

采用分子生物学方法（T-RFLP、定量PCR）研究了密云水库底泥沉积物和库滨带土壤中氨氧化细菌（AOB）的多样性和丰度特征,并使用Canoco for Windows 4.5软件和皮尔森相关系数法,探究了环境因子对AOB群落的影响.结果表明,沉积物和库滨区土壤中AOB的多样性和数量都存在较大的差异.其中,AOB群落被聚成两大类：沉积物与土壤.沉积物样品中AOB群落结构与其它样品差异较大.沉积物中AOB的多样指数最低,而在农田土壤中AOB多样性指数最高.农田土壤中的amoA基因拷贝数最大,是底泥沉积物中的48倍.此外,RDA（Redundancy Analysis）分析表明,在沉积物和水陆交错带土壤中,AOB的优势种与NH₄⁺-N、NO₃^--N、TOC、pH成正相关关系,而在陆相土壤和农田土壤中,AOB的优势种与这些环境因子成负相关关系.其中,TOC是影响AOB的群落结构的关键理化因子.     

我国现代煤化工项目废水处理的误区和建议

介绍了我国现代煤化工项目的废水来源及特性,归纳了废水的处理技术路线,从废水"零排放"、废水处理技术与管理、蒸发塘的污染转移、废水处理与固体废物处理及废气处理的关系、污染物源头控制等方面阐述了我国当前煤化工废水处理存在的误区和建议。     

River channel network design for drought and flood control: A case study of Xiaoqinghe River basin, Jinan City, China

Vulnerability of river channels to urbanization has been lessened by the extensive construction of artificial water control improvements. The challenge, however, is that traditional engineering practices on isolated parts of a river may disturb the hydrologic continuity and interrupt the natural state of ecosystems. Taking the Xiaoqinghe River basin as a whole, we developed a river channel network design to mitigate river risks while sustaining the river in a state as natural as possible. The river channel risk from drought during low-flow periods and flood during high-flow periods as well as the potential for water diversion were articulated in detail. On the basis of the above investigation, a network with “nodes” and “edges” could be designed to relieve drought hazard and flood risk respectively. Subsequently, the shortest path algorithm in the graph theory was applied to optimize the low-flow network by searching for the shortest path. The effectiveness assessment was then performed for the low-flow and high-flow networks, respectively. For the former, the network connectedness was evaluated by calculating the “gamma index of connectivity” and “alpha index of circuitry”; for the latter, the ratio of flood-control capacity to projected flood level was devised and calculated. Results show that the design boosted network connectivity and circuitry during the low-flow periods, indicating a more fluent flow pathway, and reduced the flood risk during the high-flow periods.     

铝盐絮凝剂及其环境效应

概述了铝盐絮凝剂的结构、形态分布及铝盐絮凝剂对环境所产生的一些不良影响,描述了铝盐絮凝剂对人体及各种生物体的毒性作用,同时,介绍了对污水后续处理的影响,并作了简要的评述。     

新疆哈密马庄山金矿区次火山岩及其地球化学特征

马庄山金矿区位于星星峡一卡瓦布拉克地块、古生代岛弧东段北侧活动大陆边缘，有多种火山宕、次火山岩和侵入岩，而与金矿成矿关系最为密切的是海西中、晚期次火山岩。该矿区次火山岩有花岗闪长斑岩、石英斑岩、花岗斑岩、隐爆角砾岩（简称花岗质岩）和辉绿岩。因此，在区域地质背景和矿区地质特征分析基础上，着重对次火山岩及其地球化学特征进行系统研究，结果认为．该矿区花岗质岩为高硅富钾贫铝钙碱性同熔（1）型花岗岩类，岩浆源区来自中下地壳；辉绿岩则为富钠碱性正常型基性岩类，岩浆源区来自下地壳。前者含Co、Pb、Zn、Sn、As、Bi、W、Mo、An、Ag、Tc等元素较高，有重要找矿前景；后者含Ba、Pb、Zn、Tl、As、Bi、Au、Ag、Tc等元素较高，也可为成矿提供物源。这些认识，对该区次火山岩特征、性质、成矿关系和构造背景，以及进一步找矿都有重要理论和实践指导意义。