Heuristics and biases in cyber security dilemmas

Cyber security often depends on decisions made by human operators, who are commonly considered a major cause of security failures. We conducted 2 behavioral experiments to explore whether and how cyber security decision-making responses depend on gain–loss framing and salience of a primed recall prior experience. In Experiment I, we employed a 2 × 2 factorial design, manipulating the frame (gain vs. loss) and the presence versus absence of a prior near-miss experience. Results suggest that the experience of a near-miss significantly increased respondents’ endorsement of safer response options under a gain frame. Overall, female respondents were more likely to select a risk averse (safe) response compared with males. Experiment II followed the same general paradigm, framing all consequences in a loss frame and manipulating recall to include one of three possible prior experiences: false alarm, near-miss, or a hit involving a loss of data. Results indicate that the manipulated prior hit experience significantly increased the likelihood of respondents’ endorsement of a safer response relative to the manipulated prior near-miss experience. Conversely, the manipulated prior false-alarm experience significantly decreased respondents’ likelihood of endorsing a safer response relative to the manipulated prior near-miss experience. These results also showed a main effect for age and were moderated by respondent’s income level.     

水体中卤乙酸(HAAs)的产生、测定方法与控制途径

对饮用水中普遍存在的消毒副产物形式HAAs的产生、测定方法以及控制途径进行了阐述.并对影响HAAs生成的主要因素投氯量、溴的影响以及卤乙酸副产物(HAAFP)含量等进行了分析.生物活性炭技术是一种非常有效的控制HAAs含量和减少HAAFP含量的方法,对于保障饮用水安全性具有重要意义.     

泰山顶与济南市大气臭氧浓度变化规律研究

利用2003年7月至9月在泰山顶和济南市3个月的臭氧（O3）自动连续监测数据,对两地O3浓度的频率分布、日变化和日际变化等特征进行对照分析。实验结果表明,泰山顶O3小时平均浓度频率分布比较集中,济南市O3小时平均浓度频率分布比较分散。泰山顶各月O3小时平均浓度的平均值和日均值均高于济南市;泰山顶O3小时平均浓度的最大值低于济南市,而O3小时平均浓度的最小值要高于济南市。泰山顶O3小时平均浓度日变化规律与济南市O3小时平均浓度日变化规律有很大差别,泰山顶O3小时平均浓度日变化很平缓,最大值与最小值相差不大,济南市O3小时平均浓度一般在中午和午后浓度较高,早晨和夜晚较低。     

利用现代化管理手段,实施系统安全工程——记秦沈客运专线安全管理的实践

秦沈客运专线是我国内地第一条速度达到 2 0 0km/h的新建客运专线铁路。在技术上超越了我国现有铁路技术水平 ,因此 ,该专线的修建和管理是最具创新意义的项目 ,因此 ,在进行组织设计和施工中 ,充分利用现代化科学管理手段 ,努力实现系统安全工程。本文介绍了项目建设管理目标模式 ,讨论了安全管理过程中正确处理好的各方面关系 ,以及质量控制管理等内容     

Lead (Pb) and arsenic (As) bioaccessibility in various soils from south China

Serious problems are faced in several parts of the world due to the presence of high concentration of fluoride in drinking water which causes dental and skeletal fluorosis to humans. Nalgonda district in Andhra Pradesh, India is one such region where high concentration of fluoride is present in groundwater. Since there are no major studies in the recent past, the present study was carried out to understand the present status of groundwater quality in Nalgonda and also to assess the possible causes for high concentration of fluoride in groundwater. Samples from 45 wells were collected once every 2 months and analyzed for fluoride concentration using an ion chromatograph. The fluoride concentration in groundwater of this region ranged from 0.1 to 8.8 mg/l with a mean of 1.3 mg/l. About 52% of the samples collected were suitable for human consumption. However, 18% of the samples were having less than the required limit of 0.6 mg/l, and 30% of the samples possessed high concentration of fluoride, i.e., above 1.5 mg/l. Weathering of rocks and evaporation of groundwater are responsible for high fluoride concentration in groundwater of this area apart from anthropogenic activities including irrigation which accelerates weathering of rocks.     

Sources of 24-h personal exposure to PM2.5-bound metals: results from a panel study in Wuhan,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Atmospheric PM2.5-bound metals have been widely addressed, but research on the exposure levels and sources of personal PM2.5-bound metals among urban...     

平原地区复合土地利用系统中氮磷流失敏感区界定

为正确识别平原地区复合土地利用系统中氮磷流失敏感区，利用美国农业部水土保持局设计的水文模型中的〖WTBX〗CN〖WTBZ〗值描述地表状况，反映不同土地利用条件下下垫面对土壤氮、磷流失的影响；运用等标污染负荷计算方法评估不同类型污染源强度；建立了复合土地利用系统中土壤氮、磷流失敏感区的综合指数评价体系。构建的氮、磷流失评价方法在浙江大学华家池校区的应用评价结果表明，氮磷流失敏感性高的区块主要为研究区内的居民区、畜牧场和一些施肥量大的种植区，而敏感性最低的区块集中在具有良好植被覆盖的绿化区。高的污染源和高的迁移因子叠加区构成了高的流失敏感区.     

Removal of Methylene Blue from Water by Peach Gum Based Composite Aerogels

Journal of Polymers and the Environment - In this study, novel composite aerogels of peach gum/activated carbon (PGAC) and peach gum/graphene oxide (PGGO) were synthesized by freeze-drying method...     

The role of lime in dredged mud dewatered by a plate and frame filter press and potential substitutes

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Dredged mud is a kind of construction material that can be reused as waste. It needs to be dehydrated before it is used. At present, plate and frame...     

Correction to: Study on habitat suitability of overwintering cranes based on landscape pattern change—a case study of typical lake wetlands in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The correct corresponding Author of this paper is Bin Dong.