Enantioselective induction of oxidative stress by acetofenate in rat PC12 cells

In a non-chiral environment,the enantiomers of a racemate possessed the identical physico-chemical properties,but in the biological systems they possessed different activities.Considering that the involvement of oxidative damage has been implicated in the toxicities of various pesticides,this study investigated the possibility of enantioselective oxidative stress and cytotoxicity induction by acetofenate (AF) which contains an asymmetrical center on PC12 cells.The results of the cytotoxicity assay indicated that S-(+)-AF presented more toxic effects than R-(-)-AF and (±)-AF.It also demonstrated that S-(+)-AF possessed the strongest effects in induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production,decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities,and increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) level.These results suggested that AF and its enantiomers could induce enantioselective cytotoxicity in PC12 cells mediated by oxidative stress.Therefore,the assessment in environmental safety and new chiral pesticide development should consider enantioselectivity.     

武汉市郊典型利用方式下土壤磷素特征及流失风险分析

当前地表水体环境问题日益突出,磷素作为水体富营养化的关键控制因子而备受关注。本研究通过实地采样分析,研究了武汉市郊区典型利用方式下土壤磷素形态剂含量特征,并分析了其流失风险。结果表明:不同利用方式下的土壤磷素水平差异较大,各形态磷水平排序是蔬菜地稻田常规旱地苗圃地;武汉城郊0～20cm表层土壤全磷(TP)含量为255.4～1763.1mg/kg,平均值为975.4mg/kg;土壤有效磷(Olsen-P)为1.3～164.2mg/kg,平均值为56.4mg/kg;藻类有效磷(NaOH-P)含量为33.4～910.7mg/kg,平均值为204.0mg/kg;土壤Olsen-P为56.0mg/kg可作为武汉市郊区土壤磷素流失的临界值,且超过该临界值的土样有34.9%,其中有93.3%采自蔬菜地,表明各利用方式下蔬菜地土壤磷素流失风险最高。     

Chronic toxicity and cytotoxicity of synthetic pyrethroid insecticide cis-bifenthrin

With the increasing use of synthetic pyrethroids (SPs), the significance of ecological safety and health risk is an emerging concern. In this study, we evaluated the chronic aquatic toxicity of cis-bifenthrin (cis-BF) in Daphnia magna and its cytotoxicity in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells as well as human cervical carcinoma (Hela) cells. Chronic aquatic toxicity tests showed that cis-BF could significantly affect the reproduction of D. magna. The lowest observed effective concentration and the non-observed effective concentration of cis-BF to D. magna were 0.02 and 0.01 μg/L, respectively, and the chronic value was 0.014 μg/L. The intrinsic rate of natural increase was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) to 0.02 μg/L. The cytotoxicity assay demonstrated that cis-BF decreased cell viability in CHO and Hela cells in a concentration-and time-dependent manner. The IC₅₀ values for Hela and CHO cells were 4.0 × 10⁻⁵ and 3.2 × 10⁻⁵ mol/L, respectively. Together, these results indicated that cis-BF induced chronic toxicity in both aquatic invertebrate animals and mammalian cells. These findings assist in understanding the impact of SPs on health and environmental safety. Considering the wide spectrum of SPs, a more comprehensive understanding of the negative effects is indispensible for planning future application and regulation of these pesticides.     

基于Landsat TM/ETM+的天津城区及滨海新区热岛效应时空变化研究

利用1987年、1998年、2004年和2008年4景Landsat TM/ETM+数据的热红外波段数据反演天津市地表亮温,并对绝对亮温值进行归一化处理得到相对亮温。通过对相对亮温分布图进行时空分析可知,自1987年到2008年,天津市热岛效应主要发生在中心城区、滨海新区以及道路沿线等区域。热岛范围在加大,强度也在增加。中心城区热岛效应不断加剧,滨海新区的热岛效应则从无到有,从弱到强,变化十分明显。并分析了热岛现象产生和异常的原因,有降水变化、农作物收割、公路建设和建成区增加。     

Cytotoxicity of lambda-cyhalothrin on the macrophage cell line RAW264.7

The wide use and wide-spectrum toxicity of synthetic pyrethroids (SPs) insecticides make them an emerging ecotoxicological concern. Some previous studies showed that SPs possessed cytotoxicity in some immune cells such as human lymphocytes and rat bone marrow. However, the cytotoxicity of SPs to macrophages, which are crucial to innate immunity, has not been explored. In the present report, we investigated a new pyrethroid insecticide, lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT), which may increase the generation of reactive ...     

Distributions of typical contaminant species in urban short-term storm runoff and their fates during rain events： A case of Xiamen City

The pollutants in urban storm runoff,which lead to an non-point source contamination of water environment around cities,are of great concerns.The distributions of typical contaminants and the variations of their species in short term storm runoff from different land surfaces in Xiamen City were investigated.The concentrations of various contaminants,including organic matter,nutrients(i.e.,N and P) and heavy metals,were significantly higher in parking lot and road runoff than those in roof and lawn runoff.The early runoff samples from traffic road and parking lot contained much high total nitrogen(TN 6-19 mg/L) and total phosphorus(TP 1-3 mg/L).A large proportion(around 60%) of TN existed as total dissolved nitrogen(TDN) species in most runoff.The percentage of TDN and the percentage of total dissolved phosphorus remained relatively stable during the rain events and did not decrease as dramatically as TN and TP.In addition,only parking lot and road runoff were contaminated by heavy metals,and both Pb(25-120 μg/L) and Zn(0.1-1.2 mg/L) were major heavy metals contaminating both runoff.Soluble Pb and Zn were predominantly existed as labile complex species(50%-99%),which may be adsorbed onto the surfaces of suspended particles and could be easily released out when pH decreased.This would have the great impact to the environment.     

重庆地磁台观测环境干扰分析

根据《地震电磁观测技术》中提供的理论计算方法、采用重庆地磁台近15年的21点值和基线值,对该台的地磁观测干扰情况做出合理的分析和解释;并总结了干扰类型和数据变化情况,提出对干扰的解决方法。     

从环评体制、机制及管理的角度探讨提高环评质量的方法

从环评体制、机制及管理等层面上挖掘环评质量不高的原因,提出开展协作化环评、环评招投标、环境影响后评价、严格环评审批及建立环评责任追究机制等改进对策,力求从根本上提高环评质量。     

基于BP神经网络算法的混凝土单层框架损伤识别

基于BP神经网络算法,采用框架结构损伤前后固有频率的变化率作为网络的输入参数,分别对框架梁的单处损伤、框架柱的多处损伤进行损伤位置的识别.数值仿真结果表明,BP神经网络算法对混凝土框架结构损伤位置的识别效果很好.     

资源与环境约束下的滨海新区海洋经济可持续发展途径

滨海新区资源丰富,经济规模不断扩大,呈现出良好的发展趋势,但也面临资源利用不合理、环境污染严重等问题.在分析天津滨海新区海洋经济发展现状和优势的基础上,探讨了该区域面临的资源与环境约束问题,并对这些问题进行了原因剖析,主要原因包括缺少科学规划引导、管理矛盾突出等.最后从建立环境与经济持续发展的综合决策机制、直接管制与间...