加油站油气回收应用问题研究

通过对已进行油气回收改造加油站的现场测试,发现在使用过程中存在的问题,利用软件模拟了卸油及加油油气回收的管道阻力,找出了卸油速度慢及加油油气回收能耗偏高的原因,同时分析了卸油、加油及油气排放处理环节的经济指标,给出了提高加油站油气回收系统效果的建议措施.     

如何建立公路声屏障产品质量控制体系

笔者通过对国内公路声屏障产品质量的关注,深入剖析产生产品质量问题的内在原因及外部环境。提出建立公路声屏障产品质量控制体系的思路与实施方法,供大家一起探讨和完善。     

脱氮副球菌W12在游离生长与附着生长条件下对吡啶去除作用的研究

分离到1株吡啶降解菌——脱氮副球菌(Paracoccus denitrificans W12),将其附着生长于颗粒活性竹炭(ABC)制备成生物活性竹炭(BABC),分别以游离菌和固着菌开展对水中吡啶的去除实验.结果表明,0.31g·L-1游离态W12菌可在26.5～48.9h内将48.70～1399mg·L-1的吡啶完全降解;附着于ABC的W12菌不仅保持其降解能力,而且BABC通过吸附与降解的协同作用更高效地去除吡啶,当温度为35℃,BABC投加量为10.0g·L-1时,692.2mg·L-1的吡啶在前3.6h主要通过吸附作用降低52%,其后主要通过生物降解作用至23.7h被基本去除,随着BABC投加量和处理批次的增加,吡啶去除效率显著提高.研究进一步从微观结构上对BABC去除水中吡啶的协同作用机制进行了探讨.     

水体氮磷营养盐水平与氯霉素浓度复合水体对苦草的生理生化影响

通过实验室静态模拟,研究了在不同氮磷营养水平(中营养组、富营养组和超富营养组)和不同浓度(0、0.05、0.1、0.2μg·L-1)氯霉素复合水体中暴露7 d后,苦草叶片中过氧化物酶(POD)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活力以及丙二醛(MDA)、可溶性蛋白和叶绿素含量的响应.结果表明,富营养和0.2μg·L-1氯霉素组复合水体中,苦草的可溶性蛋白含量显著增加,其浓度为同一营养组中0μg·L-1氯霉素组的2.38倍.POD活力显著降低,富营养和0.2μg·L-1氯霉素组复合水体中活力降为同一营养组中0μg·L-1氯霉素组的33.84%.对SOD的影响随二者联合浓度增大而减小,中营养和0.2μg·L-1氯霉素组复合水体的联合作用对苦草SOD的抑制最大,其活力为同一营养组中0μg·L-1氯霉素组的28.59%.     

城市黑臭河道夏季产甲烷通量研究——以南宁市朝阳溪为例

利用静态箱法测定城市黑臭河道!南宁市朝阳溪夏季产甲烷通量,结果表明朝阳溪是重要的甲烷排放源,夏季甲烷排放通量平均值为12.2mg/(m2·h),上游、中游、下游排放通量变化不显著。利用偏最小二乘法进行相关性分析可得,甲烷通量与温度、化学需氧量、底泥有机碳呈显著正相关,与溶解氧呈显著负相关,与总氮、氨氮、总磷、pH相关性较小。     

复合人工湿地系统酶活性及其与污染物净化效果的相关性

构建目前广泛应用的复合垂直流人工湿地系统,从酶学角度探讨湿地主要污染物净化机理。通过对下行流-上行流复合人工湿地和下行流-下行流复合人工湿地2套系统磷酸酶、脲酶活性的测定发现,磷酸酶、脲酶活性随系统流程逐级降低,一级池磷酸酶、脲酶活性较高且日变化较大,同一一级池中磷酸酶、脲酶活性呈显著相关性。系统脲酶活性和TN去除率相关性显著,磷酸酶活性与TP去除率不存在显著相关性,磷酸酶、脲酶活性与COD去除率相关性亦不显著。     

A 1-dodecanethiol-based phase transfer protocol for the highly efficient extraction of noble metal ions from aqueous phase

A 1-dodecanethiol-based phase-transfer protocol is developed for the extraction of noble metal ions from aqueous solution to a hydrocarbon phase, which calls for first mixing the aqueous metal ion solution with an ethanolic solution of 1-dodecanethiol, and then extracting the coordination compounds formed between noble metal ions and 1-dodecanethiol into a non-polar organic solvent. A number of characterization techniques, including inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis demonstrate that this protocol could be applied to extract a wide variety of noble metal ions from water to dichloromethane with an efficiency of > 96%, and has high selectivity for the separation of the noble metal ions from other transition metals. It is therefore an attractive alternative for the extraction of noble metals from water, soil, or waste printed circuit boards.     

Synthesis,crystal structure,photodegradation kinetics and photocatalytic activity of novel photocatalyst ZnBiYO4

ZnBiYO₄ was synthesized by a solid-state reaction method for the first time. The structural and photocatalytic properties of ZnBiYO₄ were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and UV–Vis diffuse reflectance. ZnBiYO₄ crystallized with a tetragonal spinel structure with space group I41/A. The lattice parameters for ZnBiYO₄ were a = b = 11.176479 Å and c = 10.014323 Å. The band gap of ZnBiYO₄ was estimated to be 1.58 eV. The photocatalytic activity of ZnBiYO₄ was assessed by photodegradation of methyl orange under visible light irradiation. The results showed that ZnBiYO₄ had higher catalytic activity compared with N-doped TiO₂ under the same experimental conditions using visible light irradiation. The photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange with ZnBiYO₄ or N-doped TiO₂ as catalyst followed first-order reaction kinetics, and the first-order rate constant was 0.01575 and 0.00416 min^− 1 for ZnBiYO₄ and N-doped TiO₂, respectively. After visible light irradiation for 220 min with ZnBiYO₄ as catalyst, complete removal and mineralization of methyl orange were observed. The reduction of total organic carbon, formation of inorganic products, SO₄^2 − and NO₃⁻, and evolution of CO₂ revealed the continuous mineralization of methyl orange during the photocatalytic process. The intermediate products were identified using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. The ZnBiYO₄/(visible light) photocatalysis system was found to be suitable for textile industry wastewater treatment and could be used to solve other environmental chemical pollution problems.     

高职环保类专业职业技能培养课程体系开发

课程体系是高职专业办出特色、持续发展的载体。针对高职环保类专业人才培养存在课程体系不合理、实践教学薄弱、职业技能培养方法陈旧等问题，以职业岗位需求为基础，以职业技能培养为主线，构建了以实际污染治理项目为载体的高职环保类专业职业课程体系和职业核心课程。通过职业核心课程建设、双师型师资队伍建设、校内外实训基地建设等措施实现职业技能的培养。     

金属非金属地下矿山监测监控系统研究

为了使监测监控系统在金属非金属地下矿山中最大限度地发挥作用,结合国家相关标准规范和矿山实际,对金属非金属地下矿山监测监控系统进行了分析研究,提出了金属非金属地下矿山监测监控系统的系统架构及各子系统的组成和工作原理,并对各子系统进行了系统设计,指出了建设金属非金属地下矿山监测监控系统的要点.明确了金属非金属地下矿山监测监控系统的建设内容和建设原则,并进一步阐释并弥补了国家相关标准规范对监测监控系统设计与建设要点较为模糊的不足,为我国金属非金属地下矿山建设完善并更好使用监测监控系统提供了依据,有利于提高金属非金属地下矿山的本质安全生产水平.