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31.
Fournier A Feidt C Travel A Bizec BL Venisseau A Marchand P Jondreville C 《Chemosphere》2012,88(3):300-306
Transfer of indicator polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) from soil into hen eggs may occur in hens reared outdoor, which ingest significant amounts of soil. This transfer depends on the bioavailability of the ingested compounds. The impact of soil on the bioavailability of indicator PCBs was assessed by means by a relative bioavailability (RBA) trial, in which their deposition in egg yolk and in abdominal fat, in response to their ingestion through contaminated-soil and through spiked-oil were compared. A sandy soil (709 μg indicator PCBs kg−1 dry matter) was collected in the vicinity of a former fire involving treated wood. Twenty-eight laying hens were individually housed and fed one of the seven experimental diets during 14 d. The seven experimental diets were an uncontaminated control diet, three diets in which contaminated soil was introduced at levels of 3%, 6% and 9% and three diets in which spiked oil was introduced to achieve similar levels and profile of contaminants. Yolk, abdominal fat and liver were collected at the end of exposure. Indicator PCBs were extracted by ASE (Accelerated Solvent Extraction) and analyzed by GC-HMRS. Within each ingested matrix, the concentration of indicator PCBs in yolk and in abdominal fat linearly increased with the amount of indicator PCB ingested (P < 0.001). Except for PCB 28, the slopes of the responses to soil and to oil could not be differentiated (P > 0.1). RBA estimates did not differ from 1 for all indicator PCBs except for PCB 28, for which it was 0.58-0.59. Measurements performed on liver confirm these conclusions. 相似文献
32.
Guido Rychen Stefan Jurjanz Agnès Fournier Hervé Toussaint Cyril Feidt 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(10):6440-6447
Human activities are emitting persistent organic pollutants (POPs) to the environment. These compounds have raised concerns about the risk of transfer through the food chain via animal products. They are characterized by a strong persistence in environmental matrices and a lipophilicity which may lead to their accumulation in fat tissues. In EU Regulations (no. 1881/2006, 1259/2011), maximum acceptable levels for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), and dioxin-like or nondioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in food of animal origin have been set. Transfer rates from contaminated fodder to milk have been established: for PCBs, the rate of transfer varies from 5 to 90 % and for PCDD/Fs from 1 to 40 %. The differential transfer of the compounds towards milk is related to the hydrophobicity of the pollutants and to their metabolic susceptibility. According to numerous authors, soil is the major reservoir for POPs, and its involuntary ingestion by farm animals reared outdoors may be the main cause of animal product contamination (meat, milk, or eggs). Recent studies seem to indicate that soil is a real risk matrix in terms of transfer of pollutants to the food chain. A POP crisis management is extremely difficult, since it impacts many farmers located in the contaminated area. The question arising is to know if livestock contaminated by POPs may be decontaminated and further used for their initial purpose. Recent data demonstrate that the decontamination process appear feasible and depends on initial level of contamination or the physiological status of the animals. 相似文献
33.
Jondreville C Bouveret C Lesueur-Jannoyer M Rychen G Feidt C 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(1):292-299
The former use of chlordecone (CLD) in the French West Indies has resulted in long-term pollution of soils and of food chains. CLD may be transferred into eggs of hens reared outdoors, through polluted soil ingestion. Tropical volcanic soils display variable capacities of pollutant retention: CLD is less available and more persistent in andosol than in nitisol. The impact of soil type on CLD bioavailability to hens was tested through a relative bioavailability study. The deposition of CLD in egg yolk and in abdominal fat was measured in 42 individually housed laying hens fed with diets containing graded levels of CLD from polluted andosol, nitisol, or spiked oil during 23 days. Within each ingested matrix, the concentration of CLD in yolk and in abdominal fat linearly increased with the amount of ingested CLD (P < 0.001). However, the response to andosol diets and to nitisol diets was not different from the response to oil diets (P > 0.1), indicating that CLD was equally bioavailable to laying hens, irrespective of the matrix. This suggests that the hen's gastrointestinal tract efficiently extracts CLD from the two tropical volcanic soils, regardless of their retention capacity. Thus, hens reared on polluted soils with CLD may lay contaminated eggs. 相似文献
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36.
E. Zoref-Shani Y. Bromberg B. Goldman R. Shaki G. Barkai C. Legum O. Sperling 《黑龙江环境通报》1989,9(9):657-661
Our experience with the prenatal detection of the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (LNS; hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) deficiency) in three fetuses at risk is reported. Enzyme activities were measured in cultured amniocytes in two pregnancies, and in tissues and cultures obtained from chorionic villus sampling (CVS) in a third pregnancy. In all tissues the specific activities of HGPRT and adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) were determined and APRT/HGPRT ratios were calculated. In addition to the enzyme assays, the rate of purine synthesis de novo was assessed in the two amniocyte cultures, and the rate of [14C]hypoxanthine incorporation into nucleotides and sensitivity to azaguanine were measured in one of the amniocyte cultures. We report the diagnosis of normal fetuses by study of amniocytes in two pregnancies and of LNS using CVS in one pregnancy. In all three cases the diagnosis was confirmed. 相似文献
37.
Christina Skarpe Per Arild Aarrestad Harry P. Andreassen Shivcharn S. Dhillion Thatayaone Dimakatso Johan T. du Toit Duncan J. Halley Hkan Hytteborn Shimane Makhabu Moses Mari Wilson Marokane Gaseitsiwe Masunga Ditshoswane Modise Stein R. Moe Rapelang Mojaphoko David Mosugelo Sekgowa Motsumi Gosiame Neo-Mahupeleng Mpho Ramotadima Lucas Rutina Lettie Sechele Thato B. Sejoe Sigbjrn Stokke Jon E. Swenson Cyril Taolo Mark Van 《Ambio-人类环境杂志》2004,33(6):254-260
博茨瓦纳北部及其毗邻地区分布着世界上最大的非洲象种群(Loxodonta africana),而在100年前,由于过度捕猎,大象的种群数量极为稀少. 相似文献
38.
Patrick Gautier Marco Barroca Sophie Bertrand Cyril Eraud Maria Gaillard Michael Hamman Sébastien Motreuil Gabriele Sorci Bruno Faivre 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2008,62(7):1159-1166
Several environmental factors have been shown to shape the pattern of investment of carotenoids into the expression of sexual
signals. Surprisingly, the impact of the social environment has been neglected. If a carotenoid-based sexual trait is used
by females to choose a mate or by males to assess the quality of potential competitors for mates, males, in the presence of
females, should upregulate expression of the trait. We tested this hypothesis in male zebra finches that were housed either
with females or in a male-only social environment. Additionally, to investigate whether the social modulation of the expression
of a sexual trait depends on the physiological need of carotenoids, we challenged half of the males with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We found that the social environment modulated the expression of bill color, with males kept in
the presence of females harboring a redder bill at the end of the 3 weeks that the experiment lasted. Males injected with
LPS showed duller bill color regardless of the presence of females, and social interactions with females result in upregulated
bill color similarly for phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and LPS males. Thus, social environment and immune activation had
an additive effect on the expression of bill color. The effect of social environment on plasma carotenoids was less clear.
Indeed, a first replicate of the entire experiment showed that both immune challenge and social context affected bill color,
with a negative effect of immune challenge and a positive effect of the presence of females on circulating carotenoids. However,
a second replicate of the experiment showed only a negative effect of the immune challenge. These results, therefore, suggest
that the social environment can affect the expression of carotenoid-based sexual traits under both benign and carotenoid-demanding
conditions. Whatever the signaling function of bill color (female mate choice or male–male competition for mates), the observed
flexibility may be adaptive because the expression of the signal can be modulated depending on the expected rewards or costs
associated with the presence or absence of females. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying such an effect are still unknown. 相似文献
39.
Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis) was exposed trophically to phenanthrene, pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene. Accumulation kinetics in the muscle tissue of parent PAHs and hydroxylated metabolites were established for 56 days at 3 levels of exposure (0, 100 and 500 μg/kg BW). Benzo[a]pyrene and 3-hydroxy-benzo[a]pyrene were not detected in the muscles. During exposure, there was an increase in phenanthrene, pyrene and their hydroxylated metabolites in the muscle tissue. Low transfer to muscle tissue was observed at equilibrium for phenanthrene (4.4 ± 0.6% and 2.7 ± 0.8%) and pyrene (1.0 ± 0.2% and 0.33 ± 0.09%), depending on the concentrations in the spiked feed. 相似文献
40.