餐厨垃圾高温厌氧消化产沼气的试验研究

探究了温度、含固率、pH及接种率对餐厨垃圾厌氧消化产沼量的影响,并设计L9(34)正交试验进行厌氧发酵工艺优化研究。结果表明,在温度为55℃、含固率为8%(质量分数)、pH为7.00、接种率为90%(质量分数)时,厌氧发酵累积产沼量为809.0mL/g(以挥发性固体计);各影响因素对产沼量的影响大小为温度pH接种率含固率。     

低碳沼气工程建设的生态经济效益核算研究——以广西恭城瑶族自治县为例

在全球气候变暖和快速城市化的背景下,农村地区是能源集约消耗的薄弱区域,其经济、社会、生态的可持续发展一直受到制约。沼气工程作为一种清洁用能方式,在优化用能结构、减少环境污染、节约自然资源、增加农民收入和促进农村经济转型等方面具有较大优势。本文选择广西恭城瑶族自治县这一沼气工程建设全国示范县为案例,针对户用8m3沼气池,对施工建设、运营维护和消费利用全生命周期过程中的碳足迹、减排效益、经济收益和生态价值方面进行核算和评价。结果表明在沼气池的建设与正常使用年限内,该县农户通过替代燃煤、柴薪和秸秆等共可减排CO2约1.24×106t。从户用沼气池建设及生产过程的投入产出价值的来看,仅通过节约炊事燃料和沼液沼渣的回收利用就能为每户节约19 877元,为全县带来1.26亿余元的总收益。因此,沼气工程在该地区的建设普及是发展农村低碳经济、走富农之路的有效措施,可为广大西部地区新农村建设提供借鉴。     

Bio-immobilization of Cu and Zn in recirculated bioreactor landfill

Purpose  

To protect the environmental quality of soil, groundwater, and surface water near the landfill site, it is necessary to make an accurate assessment of the heavy metal mobility. This study aims to present the bio-immobilization behavior of heavy metals in landfill and provide some reference suggestion for the manipulation of heavy metal pollution control after closure.     

Managing the Three-Rivers Headwater Region, China: From Ecological Engineering to Social Engineering

The three-rivers headwater region (THRHR) of Qinghai province, China plays a key role as source of fresh water and ecosystem services for central and eastern China. Global warming and human activities in the THRHR have threatened the ecosystem since the 1980s. Therefore, the Chinese government has included managing of the THRHR in the national strategy since 2003. The State Integrated Test and Demonstration Region of the THRHR highlights the connection with social engineering (focus on improving people’s livelihood and well-being) in managing nature reserves. Based on this program, this perspective attempts a holistic analysis of the strategic role of the THRHR, requirements for change, indices of change, and approaches to change. Long-term success of managing nature reserves requires effective combination of ecological conservation, economic development, and social progress. Thus, the philosophy of social engineering should be employed as a strategy to manage the THRHR.     

Effect of liquid-to-solid ratio on semi-solid Fenton process in hazardous solid waste detoxication

The liquid-to-solid ratio (L/S) of semi-solid Fenton process (SSFP) designated for hazardous solid waste detoxication was investigated. The removal and minimization effects of o-nitroaniline (ONA) in simulate solid waste residue (SSWR) from organic arsenic industry was evaluated by total organic carbon (TOC) and ONA removal efficiency, respectively. Initially, Box-Behnken design (BBD) and response surface methodology (RSM) were used to optimize the key factors of SSFP. Results showed that the removal rates of TOC and ONA decreased as L/S increased. Subsequently, four target initial ONA concentrations including 100 mg kg⁻¹, 1 g kg⁻¹, 10 g kg⁻¹, and 100 g kg⁻¹ on a dry basis were evaluated for the effect of L/S. A significant cubic empirical model between the initial ONA concentration and L/S was successfully developed to predict the optimal L/S for given initial ONA concentration for SSFP. Moreover, an optimized operation strategy of multi-SSFP for different cases was determined based on the residual target pollutant concentration and the corresponding environmental conditions. It showed that the total L/S of multi-SSFP in all tested scenarios was no greater than 3.8, which is lower than the conventional slurry systems (L/S ? 5). The multi-SSFP is environment-friendly when it used for detoxication of hazardous solid waste contaminated by ONA and provides a potential method for the detoxication of hazardous solid waste contaminated by organics.     

不同光照时间对杏鲍菇生长发育的影响

为探究光照时间对杏鲍菇生长发育的影响,设置蓝、白两种光质,每种光质下设置5种不同光照时间处理进行栽培试验,并测定每个处理下杏鲍菇原基形成与分化速度、菇蕾与子实体形态、产量及可溶性蛋白质与总糖含量.结果显示,原基形成速度随光照时间增加呈现先增加后降低的趋势,蓝光下以15 min光照15 min黑暗时间处理下原基形成速度最...     

Analysis of the PM2.5 emission inventory and source apportionment in Jilin City,Northeast of China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study collected and compiled statistical data on atmospheric pollution in Jilin City, China during 2013–2014, using models and methods to...     

Atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Asia: a review from 1999 to 2004

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are present in both gaseous and particulate phases. These compounds are considered to be atmospheric contaminants and are human carcinogens. Many studies have monitored atmospheric particulate and gaseous phases of PAH in Asia over the past 5 years. This work compares and discusses different sample collection, pretreatment and analytical methods. The main PAH sources are traffic exhausts (AcPy, FL, Flu, PA, Pyr, CHR, BeP) and industrial emissions (BaP, BaA, PER, BeP, COR, CYC). PAH concentrations are highest in areas of traffic, followed by the urban sites, and lowest in rural sites. Meteorological conditions, such as temperature, wind speed and humidity, strongly affect PAH concentrations at all sampling sites. This work elucidates the characteristics, sources and distribution, and the healthy impacts of atmospheric PAH species in Asia.     

臭氧-曝气生物滤池处理酸性玫瑰红染料废水

在实验室配制含酸性玫瑰红染料的印染废水，采用臭氧氧化-曝气生物滤池工艺开展处理试验。试验运行结果表明，臭氧氧化处理能提高模拟废水的可生化性，BOD／COD值由原水的0．18上升到0．36。经组合工艺处理后出水COD〈40mg／L，色度40倍以下，SS约50mg／L，处理效果良好。     

Characterization of atmospheric PM10 and related chemical species in southern Taiwan during the episode days

The concentrations of atmospheric PM10 on days with episodes of pollution were examined at four different sampling sites (CC, DL, LY, and HK) in southern Taiwan. The related to particulates water-soluble ionic species (Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, NH4+, Cl-, NO3-, SO4(2-)), carbonaceous species (EC and OC) and metallic species (Zn, Ni, Pb, Fe, Mn, Al, Si, V) were also analyzed. On the episode days of this study, the PM10 mass concentration ranged from 155 to 210 microgm(-3), from 150 to 208 microgm(-3), from 182 to 249 microgm(-3), and from 166 to 228 microgm(-3) at CC, DL, LY, and HK, respectively. The results indicate that the dominant water-soluble species were SO4(2-), NO3-, NH4+, and Cl- at the four sampling sites on these days. Moreover, the high sulfate and nitrate conversion values (SOR and NOR) presented herein suggest that secondary formations from SO2 to SO4(2-) and from NO2 to NO3- are present in significant quantities in the atmosphere of southern Taiwan on episode days. In particular, high SOR and NOR verified that both SO4(2-) and NO3- dominated the increase of atmospheric PM10 concentration in southern Taiwan on episode days.