震后城市地震动场快速评估系统研究

震后灾情的快速评估是政府救灾的主要决策依据,而烈度的快速评估是其基础。本文在ArcGIS二次开发的基础上提出了一套城市震后烈度快速评估系统,并以福州市为例介绍了该系统的功能。首先,根据具有跨平台运行能力的实时数据接收程序,将福州强震台网所记录到的地震数据文件导入本系统,再利用福州地区各类场地的地震动放大因子β,经过本系统自行编制的计算程序的快速处理,可以在1～2分钟的时间内得到福州地区的地震烈度分布图及加速度等值线分布图;另外,如果强震台没有得到强震记录,依靠中国地震台网中心发布的地震震源参数信息,同样可以进行烈度快速评估。     

近50年江苏省夏季高温热浪的时空分布特征分析

根据江苏省1955-2007年7-9月逐日最高气温资料,分别以日最高气温≥35℃的高温天数、持续3d、5d的高温过程、平均最高气温为指标,建立了各站点的高温日数、高温强度的时间序列。分析发现,该省20世纪90年代中后期以来处于一个偏热期,苏州等城市近几年高温次数明显增加,而西南区域南京等城市夏季的最高气温则有下降趋势;同时,运用小波分析方法对该省高温时空分布的周期性进行了分析,结果表明,江苏省年平均最高温度变化中5～6a的周期振荡在各地区中反映得比较明显。     

含油污泥微波热解工艺条件优化现场实验研究

采用自主设计的30 kW大功率微波设备开展了含油污泥微波热解的现场实验,考察了吸波剂种类和添加量、热解终温、微波辐照时间、污泥处理量等对微波热解处理效果的影响.结果表明,污泥热解残渣可以作为吸波剂提高含油污泥的微波热解处理效果,综合考虑热解效果和成本,其较佳的添加量为5％(质量分数),此时污泥的除油率可达99.84％;随着热解终温的升高,污泥的除油率逐渐升高,当热解终温达到500℃时,处理后污泥的含油率降为0.200％(质量分数,下同),满足《农用污泥中污染物控制标准》(GB 4284-84)的限值标准(石油类限值为0.3％(质量分数));微波辐照时间对含油污泥的热解效果影响较显著,当微波辐照时间达到180 min时,处理后污泥含油率仅为0.230％;含油污泥处理量低于20 kg/次时,单位质量含油污泥完成热解消耗的电量随着处理量的增加而减少,而超过20 kg/次时,耗电量随着处理量的增加而增加,因此本实验所用设备较经济的含油污泥处理量为20 kg/次.     

稠油废水破乳剂的研究进展

介绍了稠油废水的来源、特点和乳化成因,综述了稠油废水破乳剂的研究进展,分析了不同破乳剂的破乳机理和优缺点,并对破乳剂的发展方向进行了展望和建议。     

Evaluation of spatial-temporal variations and trends in surface water quality across a rural-suburban-urban interface

Water quality degradation is often a severe consequence of rapid economic expansion in developing countries. Methods to assess spatial-temporal patterns and trends in water quality are essential for guiding adaptive management efforts aimed at water quality remediation. Temporal and spatial patterns of surface water quality were investigated for 54 monitoring sites in the Wen-Rui Tang River watershed of eastern China to identify such patterns in water quality occurring across a rural-suburban-urban interface. Twenty physical and chemical water quality parameters were analyzed in surface waters collected once every 4–8 weeks from 2000 to 2010. Temporal and spatial variations among water quality parameters were assessed between seasons (wet/dry) and among major land use zones (urban/suburban/rural). Factor analysis was used to identify parameters that were important in assessing seasonal and spatial variations in water quality. Results revealed that parameters related to organic pollutants (dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (manganese) (COD_Mn), and 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅)), nutrients (ammonia nitrogen (NH₄ ⁺-N), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP)), and salt concentration (electrical conductivity (EC)) were the most important parameters contributing to water quality variation. Collectively, they explained 70.9 % of the total variance. A trend study using the seasonal Kendall test revealed reductions in COD_Mn, BOD₅, NH₄ ⁺-N, petrol, V-phen, and EC concentrations over the 11-year study period. Cluster analysis was employed to evaluate variation among 14 sampling sites representative of dominant land use categories and indicated three, three, and four clusters based on organic, nutrient, and salt water quality characteristics, respectively. Factors that are typically responsible for water quality degradation (including population, topography, and land use) showed no strong correlation with water quality trends implying considerable point source inputs in the watershed. The results of this study help inform ongoing water quality remediation efforts by documenting trends in water quality across various land use zones.     

两段式混合滤料渗滤系统处理模拟废水

两段式混合滤料渗滤系统在土壤渗滤系统的基础之上,加强反硝化反应,进而强化脱氮过程。为强化脱氮,整个系统被分成好氧段和厌氧段。混合滤料的使用可有效防止系统堵塞。厌氧段添加的锯末草灰为反硝化反应提供了足够的碳源,因此运行初期厌氧段内NO3--N去除率可达100%。同时铁屑的添加除强化还原环境外还加强了TP的去除效果。采用模拟废水的研究结果表明:运行稳定后,该系统对COD、NH4+-N、TN和TP的平均去除率分别达到了87.7%、82.6%、81.0%和90.4%。     

中国区域污染与经济增长实证:基于面板数据联立方程

考虑区域污染与区域经济增长的双向作用机制,构建联立方程模型,利用我国1998-2008年30个地区的面板数据,实证研究了6类区域污染物指标与区域经济增长的内在关系,对环境库兹涅茨曲线假说进行验证,探讨区域污染的主要影响因素。研究结果表明:①仅工业粉尘、工业SO2与GDP存在倒U型曲线关系,符合环境库兹涅茨曲线假说;工业废水、工业固废与GDP存在正的线性关系,工业废水中污染物化学需氧量、工业烟尘与GDP存在负的线性关系,不支持环境库兹涅茨曲线假说。指出并非经济发展到一定水平,区域污染问题就会得到全面解决。②人口规模对区域污染排放影响不显著;科技水平和能源利用率的提高能有效降低区域污染排放;政府环保管制未能有效控制区域污染排放;加大贸易开放程度对污染排放影响有正有负;产业结构不合理会加剧区域污染排放。③工业烟尘、工业SO2污染对区域经济增长有反作用。现阶段,我国区域污染对区域经济增长的反馈机制较弱,给我们敲醒了环保警钟。指出转变经济增长方式,走经济增长与环境保护协调发展的路子是我国今后的必然选择。     

新型电除尘器在皂化陵液焚烧废气治理中的应用

皂化废液焚烧技术是一种新型的化工工艺,移植造纸黑液焚烧技术,采用焚烧法来处理皂化废液,产生的废气污染严重,常规电除尘器不能满足当前废气治理要求,开发的新型高效电除尘器投入应用后,取得了满意效果。     

A possible new mechanism involved in ferro-cyanide metabolism by plants

Background, aim, and scope  

Ferro-cyanide is one of the commonly found species at cyanide-contaminated soils and groundwater. Unlike botanical metabolism of KCN via the β-cyanoalanine pathway, processes involved in the plant-mediated assimilation of ferro-cyanide are still unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate a possible mechanism involved in uptake and assimilation of ferro-cyanide by plants.     

以缓释肥形式回收污泥溶解液中PO3-4-p的研究

以溶胞—微型动物捕食法进行剩余污泥减量化处理后的富P污泥上清液为研究对象,考察了pH、Mg/P摩尔比(简称Mg/P)、N/P摩尔比(简称N/P)及反应时间等因素对以缓释肥(鸟粪石(MAP))形式回收PO3-4 -P的影响;并以青菜作为供试作物,通过盆栽实验探讨在最优化条件下生成的缓释肥的肥效,并将其与普通化肥的肥效进行...