垃圾堆放发酵机理与应用工艺研究

对垃圾的发酵机理进行了实验研究,对渗沥液的析出量及其酸碱度、堆酵后垃圾热值的变化以及堆内温度的变化进行了观测,并对堆酵过程的机理进行了初步分析,给出了垃圾堆酵应用工艺的建议.     

Geostatistical analysis and risk assessment on soil total nitrogen and total soil phosphorus in the Dongting Lake plain area, China

Nonpoint-source pollution and water body eutrophication have become increasing concerns for scientists and policymakers. Nitrogen and phosphorus affect environmental pollution, especially lake eutrophication. To assess the environmental risk of soil total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) pollution, a typical ecological unit of Dongting Lake plain was selected as the experimental site. To verify the stationary of the data, a moving windows technique was adopted. Our results showed that Box-Cox transformation achieved normality in the data set and dampened the effect of outliers. The best theoretical model for semivariogram of TN and TP was a spherical model. The ordinary kriging estimates of TN and TP concentrations were mapped. The integrative comparisons of semivariogram parameters with different trends to the kriging prediction errors of TN and TP indicated that the two-order trend is preferable. Kriging SDs provided valuable information that will increase the accuracy of TN and TP mapping. The probability kriging method is useful to assess the risk of N and P pollution by providing the conditional probability of N and P concentrations exceeding the threshold concentrations of 3.2 and 1.05 g/kg, respectively. The probability distribution of TN and TP at different levels will be helpful to conduct risk assessment, optimize fertilization, and control the pollution of N and P.     

VOC amounts in ambient areas of a high-technology science park in Taiwan: their reciprocal correlations and impact on inhabitants

Introduction  

This study presents bihourly, seasonal, and yearly concentration changes in volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the inlet and effluent water of the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) of a high-technology science park (HTIP) in Taiwan, with the VOC amounts at different sites correlated geologically.     

Study on macro-meso mechanical properties of cemented tailings backfill with high fly ash content

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The use of cement and fly ash (FA) to prepare cemented tailings backfill (CTB) lowers backfill mining costs while also reducing pollution caused by...     

Gauging the environmental efficiency with ecological compensation in presence of missing data using data envelopment analysis

Environment, Development and Sustainability - The ecological compensation mechanism is regarded as the direction for the future management of the ecological environment of the river basin, which...     

转pBinMoBc基因棉花的培育与应用

采用农杆菌介导法将含有复合OM启动子和增强子Ω因子的外源基因pBinMoBc导入冀棉20中.转化再生株经分子检测表明,外源基因已整合到转基因植株基因组内,并得到了表达,转化外源基因插入拷贝数是1~2个.转化后代材料经6~7代选育为纯合品系2001pb-3.2001pb-3抗虫性较好,每公顷产皮棉1534.5kg,比对照增产18.68%.图5表3参4     

不同喷枪在CFB锅炉SNCR工程中的应用

针对不同喷枪在循环流化床锅炉(CFB)选择性非催化还原(SNCR)脱硝系统中的工程应用展开研究。利用CFD模拟,分析不同雾化粒径对还原剂穿透距离及覆盖面积的影响。计算表明,较大的雾化粒径有利于还原剂的混合。75 t/h CFB锅炉工程实验结果显示,雾化粒径D50=102 μm的喷枪比雾化粒径D50=59 μm的喷枪可提高脱硝效率8%~10%,同时可降低氨氮比(NSR)13%,与计算结果一致。     

Synergistic effects of gaseous pollutants on hospital admissions for cardiovascular disease in Liuzhou,China

Previous studies demonstrated that short-term exposure to gaseous pollutants (nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), and ozone (O₃)) had a greater adverse effect on cardiovascular disease. However, little evidence exists regarding the synergy between gaseous pollutants and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Therefore, we aimed to estimate the effect of individual gaseous pollutants on hospital admissions for CVD and to explore the possible synergistic effects between gaseous pollutants. Daily hospitalization counts for CVD were collected from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2015. We also collected daily time series on gaseous pollutants from the Environment of the People’s Republic of China, including NO₂, SO₂, and O₃. We used distributed lag nonlinear models (DLNMs) to assess the association of individual gaseous pollutants on CVD hospitalization, after controlling for seasonality, day of the week, public holidays, and weather variables. Then, we explored the variability across age and sex groups. In addition, we analyzed the synergistic effects between gaseous pollutants on CVD. Extremely low NO₂ and SO₂ increase the risk of CVD in all subgroup at lag 7 days. The greatest effect of high concentration of SO₂ was observed in male and the elderly (≥ 65 years) at lag 3 days. Greater effects of high concentration of O₃ were more pronounced in the young (< 65 years) and female at lag 3 days, while the effect of low concentration of O₃ was greater in male and the young (< 65 years) at lag 0 day. We found a synergistic effect between NO₂ and SO₂ for CVD, as well as between SO₂ and O₃. The synergistic effects of NO₂ and SO₂ on CVD were stronger in the elderly (≥ 65) and female. The female was sensitive to synergistic effects of SO₂-O₃ and NO₂-O₃. Interestingly, we found that there was a risk of CVD in the susceptible population even for gaseous pollutant concentrations below the National Environmental Quality Standard. The synergy between NO₂ and SO₂ was significantly associated with cardiovascular disease hospitalization in the elderly (≥ 65). This study provides evidence for the synergistic effect of gaseous pollutants on hospital admissions for cardiovascular disease.

     

Human health risk assessment of heavy metals from PM2.5 in China’s 29 provincial capital cities

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - After years of governance, China’s PM2.5 pollution has improved significantly, but some problems remain. PM2.5 is the carrier of many heavy...     

北京市实验室危险废物产生量预测及管理机制建设建议

随着我国科学技术研发投入的快速增长,源自科研和监测等活动的实验室危险废物产生量迅速增加。但目前我国尚缺乏系统性的实验室危险废物环境无害化管理政策支撑,相应废物管理存在着较大的环境和健康风险。本文采用灰色系统模型预测了北京2021-2030年实验室危险废物产生量,系统总结、分析了国家和地方主管部门、高校和产业园区实验室危险废物管理政策的现状和存在的问题。结果显示,2021年-2030年北京实验室危险废物产生量将呈逐年增长趋势,预计2025年和2030年产生量分别为2.91×10⁴和5.20×10⁴ t,采用该方法和参数对全国实验室危险废物产生量进行简单地预测,预计2025年和2030年产生量分别可达133.17×10⁴和231.16×10⁴ t。在管理方面,仍存在政策不健全、收运处置困难、环保意识不足等问题,需进一步明确实验室危险废物责任主体,形成管理机制及指南。针对收集环节,建立高校定时定点收集处理和小微企业豁免相结合的收集体系,并进一步加强高校实验室危险废物能力建设。