Co负载量对Co/TiZrO4催化CO2氧化乙烷脱氢制乙烯反应性能的影响

Co基催化剂在低碳烷烃直接脱氢及氧化脱氢制烯烃方面表现出良好的应用潜力.为了探究Co物种的价态对CO₂氧化乙烷脱氢制乙烯的影响,以共沉淀法制备的TiZrO₄固溶体为载体,采用浸渍法制备了一系列X%Co/TiZrO₄(X=0.5、1、3、5和7.5)催化剂.结果表明,0.5%Co/TiZrO₄和1%Co/TiZrO₄催化剂的催化活性较差,但保持了相当高的C₂H₄选择性(>90%)和碳平衡(≈100%);3%Co/TiZrO₄催化剂在反应过程中表现出良好的C₂H₆和CO₂活化能力,在650℃、质量空速WHSV=9000 mL?g^-1?h^-1的反应条件下获得了约25%的乙烯收率;而5%Co/TiZrO₄和7.5%Co/TiZrO₄催化剂则在600℃及以上温度反应...     

化肥减量配施有机肥对柠檬根际/非根际土壤细菌群落结构的影响

研究不同施肥方式对柠檬根际/非根际土壤理化性质及细菌群落结构的影响,可为果园科学合理地施肥提供理论依据.采用盆栽试验,设置对照(CK)、常规施肥(FM)、有机肥(P)、新鲜有机肥(NP)、 70%化肥+30%有机肥(70FP)和50%化肥+50%有机肥(50FP)这6个施肥处理.采用化学分析、实时荧光定量PCR技术和末端限制性片段长度多态性分析(T-RFLP)方法,研究不同施肥处理对根际/非根际土壤的理化性质、细菌16S rRNA基因的丰度和细菌群落结构的影响,并通过冗余分析(RDA)探究影响柠檬根际/非根际土壤细菌群落结构的环境因子.结果表明：(1)化肥减量配施有机肥(50FP和70FP)能显著提高根际/非根际土壤pH值、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾和硝态氮的含量(P<0.05);与常规施肥(FM)和单施有机肥(P和NP)相比,化肥减量配施有机肥处理的土壤有效磷含量提高了24.76%～97.98%,速效钾含量提高了6.87%～45.11%,硝态氮含量提高了18.42%～55.82%.(2)化肥减量配施有机肥能显著提高土壤细菌丰度及土壤呼吸速率(P<0.05),其中50F...     

污水处理厂中邻苯二甲酸酯类环境激素分析

建立了基于HLB固相萃取柱和液相色谱分析城市污水中邻苯二甲酸酯类环境激素的方法 ,同时分析了北京市 4个污水处理厂进水与出水中邻苯二甲酸酯类环境激素的浓度。在四个污水处理厂的水样中共检出了 5种邻苯二甲酸酯 ,分别是DEP、BBP、DBP、DCHP和DEHP ,浓度在 0 .72～ 59.1 7μg/L之间。结果表明 ,曝气活性污泥法对大部分邻苯二甲酸酯类环境激素的去除效果很好     

黄土高原旱塬地冬小麦水分生产潜力与土壤水分动态的模拟研究

在EPIC模型介绍和模拟精度验证的基础上,利用EPIC模型对黄土高原旱塬地冬小麦水分生产潜力和土壤水分动态进行了中期(12a)和长期(30a)评价定量模拟研究。结果表明:(1)在12a实时气象条件下的模拟时段内,旱塬地小麦水分生产潜力随降水量变化呈现波动性降低趋势,3m土层土壤有效含水量也表现为剧烈波动性和逐渐下降趋势,土壤干燥化趋势明显;(2)在30a模拟气象条件下的模拟时段内,旱塬地小麦水分生产潜力呈现波动性轻微降低趋势,3m土层土壤有效含水量季节性和年际间波动性显著,但土壤干燥化趋势并不明显;(3)综合分析认为,在降水量减少幅度不显著的情况下,旱塬地麦田土壤干燥化只是一种短期现象,不会导致长期性土壤强烈干燥化现象发生,但产量随降水量变化的波动性不可避免。     

农药毒死蜱对小鼠脑细胞氧化损伤的研究

毒死蜱是一种高效、低毒、广谱的有机磷杀虫杀螨剂.为研究其对生物体的氧化损伤,以昆明小鼠为受试体,毒死蜱按3、6和12 mg·kg-13个剂量水平灌胃染毒小鼠7d,以脑组织匀浆测定活性氧(Reactive oxygen species,ROS)、还原型谷胱甘肽(Glutathione,GSH)和丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)的含量,以脑细胞测定DNA-蛋白质交联(DNA-protein Crosslink,DPC)系数.实验结果表明,随着毒死蜱染毒剂量的升高,ROS和MDA含量及DPC系数逐渐上升,GSH含量逐渐降低,各指标呈一定的剂量-效应关系.染毒剂量为6 mg·kg-1时,与对照组相比,DPC有显著差异(p＜0.05),MDA有极显著差异(P＜0.01);染毒剂量为12 mg·kg-1时,与对照组相比,ROS和DPC有显著差异(p＜0.05),GSH和MDA有极显著差异(p＜0.01).说明较高剂量的毒死蜱可造成小鼠脑组织的氧化损伤和DNA-蛋白质交联作用增强.     

GC-ECD测定地表水中的硝基苯类和氯苯类化合物

文章分别以液液萃取法和固相萃取法作为预处理方法,建立了地表水中12种硝基苯类和氯苯类化合物的气相色谱-电子捕获检测器(GC-ECD)分析检测方法,其中包括1,2-二硝基苯、1,3-二硝基苯、1,4-二硝基苯,2-硝基氯苯、3-硝基氯苯、4-硝基氯苯、1,2,3,4-四氯苯、1,2,3,5-四氯苯、1,2,4,5-四氯苯、2,4-二硝基甲苯、2,4-二硝基氯苯、2,4,6-三硝基甲苯。通过对实验条件的优化,对100 mL水样的方法检出限为液液萃取0.05⁰.15μg/L,固相萃取0.100.15μg/L,固相萃取0.10⁰.16μg/L范围内,加标回收率分别为80.7%0.16μg/L范围内,加标回收率分别为80.7%⁸8.0%和74.2%88.0%和74.2%¹01%,相对标准偏差分别在1.8%101%,相对标准偏差分别在1.8%⁵.3%和3.7%5.3%和3.7%⁵.5%之间。应用所建立的方法,对上海市地表水样进行监测分析,12种目标物质仅检出硝基氯苯,浓度为ND5.5%之间。应用所建立的方法,对上海市地表水样进行监测分析,12种目标物质仅检出硝基氯苯,浓度为ND⁰.52μg/L,样品加标回收率为液液萃取72.5%0.52μg/L,样品加标回收率为液液萃取72.5%⁸1.9%,固相萃取67.0%81.9%,固相萃取67.0%⁹1.0%。     

Photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange using ZnO/TiO2 composites

ZnO/TiO₂ composites were synthesized by using the solvothermal method and ultrasonic precipitation followed by heat treatment in order to investigate their photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO) in aqueous suspension under UV irradiation. The composition and surface structure of the catalyst were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The degradation efficiencies of MO at various pH values were obtained. The highest degradation efficiencies were obtained before 30 min and after 60 min at pH 11.0 and pH 2.0, respectively. A sample analysis was conducted using liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization ion-trap mass spectrometry. Six intermediates were found during the photocatalytic degradation process of quinonoid MO. The degradation pathway of quinonoid MO was also proposed.     

Effects of elevated CO2 concentration and nitrogen supply on biomass and active carbon of freshwater marsh after two growing seasons in Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China

An experiments were carried out with treatments di ering in nitrogen supply (0, 5 and 15 g N/m2) and CO2 levels (350 and 700 mol/mol) using OTC (open top chamber) equipment to investigate the biomass of Calamagrostis angustifolia and soil active carbon contents after two years. The results showed that elevated CO2 concentration increased the biomass of C. angustifolia and the magnitude of response varied with each growth period. Elevated CO2 concentration has increased aboveground biomass by 16.7% and 17.6% during the jointing and heading periods and only 3.5% and 9.4% during dough and maturity periods. The increases in belowground biomass due to CO2 elevation was 26.5%, 34.0% and 28.7% during the heading, dough and maturity periods, respectively. The responses of biomass to enhanced CO2 concentrations are di ered in N levels. Both the increase of aboveground biomass and belowground biomass were greater under high level of N supply (15 g N/m2). Elevated CO2 concentration also increased the allocation of biomass and carbon in root. Under elevated CO2 concentration, the average values of active carbon tended to increase. The increases of soil active soil contents followed the sequence of microbial biomass carbon (10.6%) > dissolved organic carbon (7.5%) > labile oxidable carbon (6.6%) > carbohydrate carbon (4.1%). Stepwise regressions indicated there were significant correlations between the soil active carbon contents and plant biomass. Particularly, microbial biomass carbon, labile oxidable carbon and carbohydrate carbon were found to be correlated with belowground biomass, while dissolved organic carbon has correlation with aboveground biomass. Therefore, increased biomass was regarded as the main driving force for the increase in soil active organic carbon under elevated CO2 concentration.     

Effects of elevated CO2 concentration and nitrogen supply on biomass and active carbon of freshwater marsh after two growing seasons in Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China

An experiments were carried out with treatments differing in nitrogen supply (0, 5 and 15 g N/m²) and CO₂ levels (350 and 700 μmol/mol) using OTC (open top chamber) equipment to investigate the biomass of Calamagrostis angustifolia and soil active carbon contents after two years. The results showed that elevated CO₂ concentration increased the biomass of C. angustifolia and the magnitude of response varied with each growth period. Elevated CO₂ concentration has increased aboveground biomass by 16.7% and 17.6% during the jointing and heading periods and only 3.5% and 9.4% during dough and maturity periods. The increases in belowground biomass due to CO₂ elevation was 26.5%, 34.0% and 28.7% during the heading, dough and maturity periods, respectively. The responses of biomass to enhanced CO₂ concentrations are differed in N levels. Both the increase of aboveground biomass and belowground biomass were greater under high level of N supply (15 g N/m²). Elevated CO₂ concentration also increased the allocation of biomass and carbon in root. Under elevated CO₂ concentration, the average values of active carbon tended to increase. The increases of soil active soil contents followed the sequence of microbial biomass carbon (10.6%) > dissolved organic carbon (7.5%) > labile oxidable carbon (6.6%) > carbohydrate carbon (4.1%). Stepwise regressions indicated there were significant correlations between the soil active carbon contents and plant biomass. Particularly, microbial biomass carbon, labile oxidable carbon and carbohydrate carbon were found to be correlated with belowground biomass, while dissolved organic carbon has correlation with aboveground biomass. Therefore, increased biomass was regarded as the main driving force for the increase in soil active organic carbon under elevated CO₂ concentration.     

四川地区高含硫化氨气田钻完井风险因素分析

通过对川东北地区钻完井事故资料的统计,分析了影响高含硫化氢气田钻完井安全的主要风险因素。