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891.
892.
Fipronil is a phenyl pyrazole insecticide registered for agricultural use in many countries. Avian exposure to fipronil occurs mainly by ingesting contaminated insects or seeds. There is little information regarding the toxicological effects of fipronil in avian species and even less research documenting avian behavioural responses to fipronil ingestion. We examined the effects of a single oral dose of fipronil in northern bobwhite quail, the most fipronil-sensitive species tested to date, in respect to signs of intoxication and the metabolic fate of fipronil. Fipronil-treated birds did not eat or drink following pesticide administration, and as a result lost a significant amount of body mass. Treated birds also appeared withdrawn and did not respond to disturbance within the first hour after treatment. Identifiable signs of fipronil toxicity were not observed until at least 2d after treatment. Chemical analyses indicated a difference between fipronil and fipronil-sulfone residue distribution and bioaccumulation, with significantly higher (30- to 1000-fold) tissue concentrations of the sulfone detected at all time points from 8 to 96 h post-dose in brain, liver and adipose tissues. Tissue sulfone concentrations increased significantly in fipronil-treated birds, peaking at 72 h post-dose. Body mass decreased at all time points in dosed birds. The coincidence of the particular intoxication symptoms with the time course of rise in brain sulfone levels after fipronil dosing gives insight into possible mechanisms of toxicity in this highly sensitive species. 相似文献
893.
894.
Applicability of the Charm II system for monitoring antibiotic residues in manure-based composts 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
S.I. KwonG. Owens Y.S. OkD.B. Lee W.-T. JeonJ.G. Kim K.-R. Kim 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2011,31(1):39-44
The effluence of veterinary antibiotics (VAs) to aquatic and terrestrial environments is of concern due to the potential adverse effects on human health, such as the production of antibiotic resistant bacteria. One of the main pathways for antibiotics to enter the environment is via the application of manure and/or manure-based composts as an alternative organic fertilizer to agricultural lands. While a wide diversity of manure-based composts are produced in Korea, there is currently no regulatory guideline for VA residues. Hence, monitoring and limiting the concentration of VA residues in manure and/or manure-based composts prior to application to the lands is important to mitigate any environmental burden. The current study was conducted to examine the applicability of the Charm II antibiotic test system for monitoring tetracyclines, sulfonamides and macrolides in manure-based composts. The Charm II system was a highly reproducible method for determining whether VA residue concentrations in manure-based compost exceeded specific guideline values. A wide range of manure-based composts and liquid fertilizers commercially available in Korea were examined using the Charm II system to monitor the residues of the target VAs. For this, the guideline concentrations of VA residues (0.8 mg kg−1 for tetracyclines, 0.2 mg kg−1 for sulfonamides, and 0.1 mg kg−1 for macrolides) stated in ‘Official Standard of Feeds’ under the ‘Control of Livestock and Fish Feed Act’ in Korea were adopted to establish control points. Of the 70 compost samples examined 12 exceeded 0.8 mg kg−1 for tetracyclines and 21 exceeded 0.2 mg kg−1 for sulfonamides. Of the 25 liquid fertilizer samples examined most samples exceeded these prospective guidelines. 相似文献
895.
Hee-Soo Kim Byoung-Ho Lee Hyun-Joong Kim Han-Seung Yang 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2011,19(3):628-636
The mechanical–thermal properties and volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions of natural-flour-filled, biodegradable polymer
bio-composites were investigated according to variation in porous inorganic filler types. At a porous inorganic filler content
of 3%, the tensile and flexural strengths of the hybrid bio-composites were not significant changed. However, the coefficient
of thermal expansion and thermal expansion of the bio-composites were slightly decreased. Furthermore, the incorporation of
the porous inorganic materials into bio-composites slightly increased the E’ values of the hybrid bio-composites over the entire temperature range, although the tan δmax temperature (T
g) of the hybrid bio-composites was not significantly changed. At a porous inorganic filler content of 3%, the various odor
and VOC emissions of the hybrid bio-composites were significantly decreased because the various oxidation and thermal degradation
gases of the natural flour and matrix were absorbed in the pore structures of the porous inorganic fillers and thereby prevented
the migration into the final products. 相似文献
896.
Lee CS 《Chemosphere》2012,87(6):608-613
This study focuses on the development of a multi-objective game-theory model (MOGM) for balancing economic and environmental concerns in reservoir watershed management and for assistance in decision. Game theory is used as an alternative tool for analyzing strategic interaction between economic development (land use and development) and environmental protection (water-quality protection and eutrophication control). Geographic information system is used to concisely illustrate and calculate the areas of various land use types. The MOGM methodology is illustrated in a case study of multi-objective watershed management in the Tseng-Wen reservoir, Taiwan. The innovation and advantages of MOGM can be seen in the results, which balance economic and environmental concerns in watershed management and which can be interpreted easily by decision makers. For comparison, the decision-making process using conventional multi-objective method to produce many alternatives was found to be more difficult. 相似文献
897.
This study investigated the effect of pH and the presence of coexisting (competitive) anions on the removal of phosphate by titanium mesostructures synthesized using do- or hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide. To address these research objectives, experiments were conducted (1) under controlled initial pH values (2 to 10); and (2) through injection of nitrate, fluoride, chloride, or sulfate anions into a phosphate solution. Based on the experimental results, an initial of pH of 2 was found to be optimal for use of titanium mesostructures. The presence of fluoride anions in solution significantly decreased the removal efficiency of phosphate removal (3.56% at 3.95 mg/g). However, the addition of nitrate, chloride, and sulfate anions did not affect phosphate removal. 相似文献
898.
The extent of impervious cover in a watershed has been linked to the quality of an urban aquatic environment. The Kyeongan watershed in South Korea was investigated to evaluate the relationship between the total impervious area (TIA) and the aquatic ecosystem of the watershed, including water quality and aquatic life using a relatively high-resolution (0.4 m) image. The TIA was found to be approximately 12% of the watershed, which indicates that the quality of its environment was being adversely affected by it. For water quality, Pearson correlation analyses showed that all water quality parameters studied were found to be positively correlated with TIA at p < 0.01, except for nitrate (NO3-). In addition, the zone with a higher TIA was found to have worse water quality. Some water quality parameters, such as nitrite (NO2-), total phosphorus, and phosphate (PO4(3-)) were highly affected by discharges from wastewater treatment plants. Water quality data suggest that TIA could be used to predict the water quality of streams. For ecological parameters, the diatom index for organic pollution and trophic diatom index were found to be highly correlated with TIA, whereas physical habitat and benthic macroinvertebrates were poorly correlated with TIA. However, the results indicate that the extent of impervious cover can be a useful indicator for predicting the status of specific ecosystem of streams. 相似文献
899.
900.
Munusamy T Hu YL Lee JF 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(6):2390-2399