壳聚糖絮凝剂对聚合氯化铝的助凝作用

以壳聚糖絮凝剂作为聚合氯化铝(PAC)的助凝剂,絮凝处理颐和园昆明湖湖水,考察了PAC在壳聚糖助凝作用下对浊度和有机物的去除效果,以及水中残留铝浓度的变化．结果表明,壳聚糖对PAC的助凝作用显著,PAC中加入壳聚糖絮凝剂后,浊度和有机物去除率均明显提高．     

离子色谱／氢化物发生／原子吸收法测定天然淡水中的4种砷形态

首次用国产YSA－Ⅲ型阴离子交换树脂色谱柱,以离子色谱／氢化物发生／原子吸收联用方法,测定天然淡水中４种主要砷形态：亚砷酸盐,砷酸盐,甲基胂酸盐和二甲基胂酸盐。检出限依次为0.28,0.50,0.12和0.18ppbAs,较低于同类方法。实际水样2ngAs/mL加标回收率为93.0％～107.8％。给出几种淡水样中砷形态的分析结果。     

国外建筑垃圾再生骨料的应用情况及在国内市场的应用前景分析

本文介绍了建筑垃圾再生骨料在国外的应用情况,并分析了其在国内市场的应用前景。     

镇江市基于BOO模式构建岸边小型水质自动监测系统初探

根据对构建岸边小型水质自动监测系统的前期调研,从项目的具体建设、资金投入、后期运维、运作风险等角度多方面考虑,最终采用BOO模式构建岸边小型水质自动监测系统。通过将项目具体实施与传统方式构建岸边小型水质自动监测系统进行利弊比较,认为在当前国情下以BOO模式构建岸边小型水质自动监测系统利大于弊,对于政府和承包商是双赢的合作方式。     

水质感知视角下水库移民满意度分析——基于有序逻辑回归的实证研究

针对库区移民的水质满意度问题,应用有序逻辑回归分析方法,基于满意度感知理论,构建了库区移民水质感知有序逻辑回归模型,以浯溪口水利枢纽工程移民情况开展实证研究。研究结果表明：（1）最高教育水平、水源、庄稼种类、日常污水去向、周期性淹没意向等要素对移民水质感知具有显著影响;（2） 上游移民相较于中下游移民对于未来水质政策更乐观;（3）随着教育水平提高,移民对未来预期更加理性;（4） 日常污水去向要素对移民的水质感知存在空间异质影响,使用明渠的群众更倾向于认为水质将会变好;（5） 移民生活用水来源获取越难,对水质变化感知越差;（6）种植主粮作物的移民,对未来的水质预期更好。推动农业供给侧结构性改革,推进农业种植结构优化,能够提升移民满意度     

基于主体功能区规划的江西省城镇化协调发展研究

为了研究主体功能区战略对欠发达地区城镇化的影响,综合利用3S技术、熵权重法和Pielous指数,对江西省的城镇化水平和协调性开展研究,并结合主体功能区规划的要求,分析了城镇化过程中存在的问题。研究发现：(1）江西省的城镇化经历了非均衡发展阶段（2000~2010）和均衡发展阶段（2010~2015）,2010年城镇化的协调性最差;（2）人口持续向重点开发区聚集,但限制开发区的常驻人口数仍在增加,而且限制开发区迁出的人口主要流向省外的优化开发区,这与主体功能区规划的初衷相背离;（3）重点开发区的人均城镇建设用地面积已达137.93 m2,人口集聚不足是其城镇化不协调的主导原因,针对城镇化快速发展的地区,应加快建立城镇人口规模与建设用地规模相挂钩的制度;（4）人口城镇化以就地城镇化为主,限制开发区未来将同时面临农业人口转移和限制进行大规模高强度工业化和城镇化开发的双重压力。     

大九湖泥炭磁化率及腐殖化度记录的18.7 Ka BP气候变化

神农架大九湖泥炭沼泽是中纬度亚热带地区的高山泥炭沼泽,其连续沉积的泥炭剖面蕴含了丰富的气候变化信息,对揭示我国中纬度地区不同时间尺度的气候环境变化有着重要意义。使用碱提取溶液吸光度法对大九湖泥炭吸光度进行测定,以E4/E6比值表征腐殖化度,同时测定了泥炭的磁化率,通过AMS14C测年技术建立了神农架大九湖泥炭地的年代序列,结合区域的其他气候代用指标,分析大九湖泥炭磁化率与腐殖化度E4/E6的古气候意义：大九湖泥炭频率磁化率值高指示气候冷干,降水量小;磁化率值偏低指示气候暖湿,降水量大。E4/E6值高,腐殖化度低,指示气候冷干;值低,腐殖化度高,指示气候暖湿。探讨大九湖地区末次冰消期以来的气候变化,重建该区18.7 Ka BP 的气候演化过程：末次冰期结束期（18.7~11.7 Ka BP）气候比较冷干,期间存在气候冷暖干湿交替波动;全新世（11.7~0 Ka BP）以来,气温开始回升,气候比较暖湿,期间也存在突发性降温事件,其中,全新世早期（11.7~9.3 Ka BP）气候冷暖干湿交替波动,总体冷湿;全新世中期（9.3~3.5 Ka BP）气候暖湿;全新世晚期（3.5~0 Ka BP）气候温干。 关键词： 泥炭;磁化率;E4/E6;大九湖;气候变化     

Characteristics of Carbon Storage and Density in Different Layers of Forest Ecosystems

Characteristics of carbon storage and density in different layers of forest ecosystems should be studied comprehensively and in more detail. Using forest inventory data in combination with field survey data, we explored the characteristics of carbon storage and density in different layers of forest ecosystems in Liaoning Province of China. Results showed that total carbon storage was 813.034 Tg C. The carbon storage of soil layer accounted for 81.0% of the total storage with 658.783 Tg C, followed by those of arbor, litter and shrub layers with 128.403 Tg C (15.8%), 22.723 Tg C (2.8%) and 3.125 Tg C (0.4%), respectively. The average carbon density for the forest ecosystems were 183.571 Mg C ha^–1, with soil layer (148.744 Mg C ha^–1) being the highest one, followed by arbor layer (28.992 Mg C ha^–1), litter layer (5.131 Mg C ha^–1) and shrub-grass layer (0.706 Mg C ha^–1). Carbon storage in different forest ecosystems varied from 1.595 to 319.161 Tg C, while C density ranged from 165.067 to 235.947Mg C ha^–1, with the highest and lowest values being observed in soil layer and shrub-grass layers, respectively, implying that soil is the main body of forest carbon storage. Young-aged forests accounted for a greater proportion of forests in the Province than forests in other age classes; and proper management of forests could increase the carbon sequestration in the forest ecosystems. The comparison with previous estimations of carbon storage for forest ecosystem implied that methods and data used for forest carbon storage estimation affected the results of estimates obviously.     

井巷断面内单点风速与平均风速转换机制

准确测量一点风速并将其转换为断面平均风速是矿井通风领域的一项技术难题。对其中涉及的单点风速测不准问题和单点风速与平均风速的转换机制进行了研究。结果表明,湍流充分发展的圆管断面上任一点(黏性底层除外)风速与平均风速为非线性关系,但在井下常见风速0.25~15 m/s,两者可近似为正比关系。为验证这一结论的普适性,在实验室采用激光多普勒测速仪对矩形非充分发展湍流断面上单点风速与平均风速的关系进行了测试。结果表明:当平均风速在0.78~6.2 m/s变化时,单点风速与平均风速仍表现为正比关系,比值k可作为该点风速与平均风速间的无因次转换系数;k的空间分布反映了断面速度场结构,当断面速度场结构变化时转换系数失效。在单点风速测不准问题上提出,测试传感器在提高数据采集频率的基础上应对速度信号进行时间平均处理,且时间平均尺度要大于湍流各态遍历假设。     

Catalytic decomposition of dioxins and other unintentional POPs in flue gas from a municipal waste incinerator (MWI) in China: a pilot testing

Unintentionally produced persistent organic pollutants (UPOPs) include polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs), pentachlorobenzene (PeCBz), and hexachlorobenzene (HxCBz). With the booming of municipal waste incinerators (MWIs) in China, the emission of UPOPs has generated great concern. As an alternative technology of dioxin control, catalytic decomposition has not been used in China, mainly due to the absence of national demonstration projects. Also, the simultaneous removal of various UPOPs has not been well investigated.In this study, a pilot-scale selective catalytic oxidative (SCO) system using a self-developed honeycomb catalyst was built and tested in a typical municipal waste incinerator (MWI) of China. The original concentration of PCDD/Fs in flue gas after the treatment of activated carbon injection (ACI) still exceeded the national emission standard (0.1 ng I-TEQ/Nm³), while the concentrations of PeCBz and HxCBz were one order of magnitude higher than that of PCDD/Fs. For the testing temperature varying from 300 to 200 °C, the removal efficiency of PCDD/Fs range from 39 to 95 %, followed by dl-PCBs with the range of 56–89 %. PeCBz and HxCBz were also removed, though their removal efficiencies were lower than those of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs. Both temperature and degree of chlorination influence the removal efficiencies.