高职数学教学必须加强数学思想方法的教学

数学思想方法是数学知识的核心,是数学的精髓和灵魂,是研究数学理论和运用数学解决实际问题的指导思想。本文针对目前高职数学教学中存在的数学思想方法教学重视不够以及教法上随意性的现状,提出通过加强数学史和基本数学思想方法的介绍,以及倡导“问题解决”的教学模式来提高学生的数学素养。     

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the surface sediments from Yellow River, China

Fourteen surface sediment samples were collected from Lanzhou Reach of Yellow River, China in July 2005. The concentrations of 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined by gas chromatography equipped with a mass spectrometry detector (GC-MS). Total concentrations of the PAHs ranged from 464 to 2621 ng/g dry weight. Sediment samples with the highest PAH concentrations appeared at the downstream of Lanzhou City, where there was the biggest wastewater discharge pipeline from Lanzhou Oil Refinery Factory and Lanzhou Chemical Industry Company. Municipal sewage also contributed to the PAH contamination in the sediments. A correlation existed between the sediment organic carbon content (f(oc)) and the total PAH concentrations (r(2)=0.57), suggesting that sediment organic carbon content played an important role in controlling the PAHs levels in the sediments. According to the observed molecular indices, PAHs contamination in Lanzhou Reach of Yellow River originated both from the high-temperature pyrolytic processes and from the petrogenic source, showing a mixed PAH input pattern, which was also confirmed by the results of a principal component analysis (PCA). According to the numerical effect-based sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) of the United States, the levels of PAHs at most studied sites in Lanzhou Reach of Yellow River should not exert adverse biological effects. Although at some sites (such as S10, S12, etc.) one PAH may exceed the effects range low (ERL), individual PAH did not exceed the effects range median (ERM). The results indicated that sediments in all sites should have potential biological impact, but should have no impairment.     

集成电路产业含氟废水处理工程

介绍采用三级反应一级沉淀为主体工艺,处理集成电路产业含氟废水的实际应用情况和工程治理效果。实践表明,采用本处理技术,能确保出水水质氟离子浓度达到上海市《污水综合排放标准》(DB31/199-1997)的二级标准,即F-浓度≤10mg/L。     

中水回用系统的生物脱臭试验

采样自行设计、构建的生物脱臭塔对生活污水回用处理系统产生的臭气进行净化,获得良好的效果,在空塔停留时间为92s时2个脱臭塔对氨和硫化氢的净化率均达到80%以上,投加活性污泥的1号塔的净化效果更好,表明接种污泥能够促进臭气的净化,其排气中氨含量已优于厂界一级标准,臭气强度接近无臭水平,沸石吸附及微生物氧化分解可能是其中主要过程机理。脱臭塔净化后排气中硫化氢含量仍然较高,达到稍可感觉出和易感觉的水平,表明脱臭塔对硫化氢的净化作用有待进一步提高。氮氧化物因为进气浓度很低,故净化率仅为37%～51%。     

发展资源再生产业是中国资源战略的一场革命

中国已经成为资源消耗大国，实施再生型资源战略，发展循环经济是我国的必然选择。资源再生产业与“循环经济”取代“线性经济”、经济全球化形成“国际大分工”和“国际大循环”的发展趋势同步，是解决资源和环境问题的根本出路。资源再生产业是一座“富矿”，没有“资源再生”就没有中国的“环境保护”。中国资源再生产业的发展为什么步履艰难？它和进口渠道不畅。国民对资源短缺认识不足、传统的“线性思维方式”的影响，来自国内外“利益集团”的阻力，以及政策不刭位等因素密切相关。因此，提出中国发展资源再生产业的对策和建议：①在经济相对滞后、交通便利的地区建立“资源再生加工区”；②建立畅通的全球物质回收“绿色通道”；③建立“国际再生资源交易市场”；④成立“国际资源再生促进会”；⑤改变“线性经济”背景下的传统观念。     

Plutonium in groundwater at the 100K-Area of the U.S. DOE Hanford Site

We examined the concentration, size distribution, redox state and isotopic composition of plutonium (Pu) in groundwater at the 100K-Area at the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Hanford Site. Total concentrations of Pu isotopes were extremely low (10(-4) to 10(-6) pCi/kg, approximately 10(4) to 10(6) atoms/kg) but measurable for the first time in the 100K-Area wells using mass spectrometric analyses that are much more sensitive than alpha spectroscopy methods used previously. Size fractionation data from two wells suggest that 7-29% of the Pu is associated with colloids, operationally defined here as particles between 1 kDa-0.2 microm in size. These colloids were collected using a 1 kDa cross-flow ultrafiltration (CFF) system developed specifically for groundwater actinide studies to include careful controls both in the field and during processing to ensure in situ geochemical conditions are maintained and size separations can be well characterized. Pu in this colloidal fraction was exclusively in the more reduced Pu(III/IV) form, consistent with the higher affinity of Pu in the lower oxidation states for particle surfaces. While the overall concentrations of Pu were low, the Pu isotopic composition suggests at least two local sources of groundwater Pu, namely, local Hanford reactor operations at the 100K-Area and spent nuclear fuel from the N-reactor, which was stored in concrete pools at this site. Differences between this site and the Savannah River Site (SRS) are noted, since groundwater Pu at the F-Area seepage basin at SRS has been found using these same methods, to be characterized by lower colloidal abundances and higher oxidation states. This difference is not directly attributable to groundwater redox potential or geochemical conditions, but rather the physical-chemical difference in Pu sources, which at SRS appear to be dominated downstream from the seepage basins by decay of 244Cm, resulting in more oxidized forms of 240Pu. There is no clear evidence for colloid facilitated transport of Pu in groundwater at the Hanford Site, since downstream wells have both an order of magnitude lower concentrations of Pu and a lower fractional colloidal distribution.     

低瓦斯综采放顶煤工作面通风除尘的研究

通过对低瓦斯综采放顶煤工作面的研究,选择了合理的通风方式和最优排风速和,即有利于工作面降温,保证了工作面安全生产.     

Adsorption and desorption of iodine by various Chinese soils: I. Iodate

In order to assess the adsorption of iodate by different soils from China, a series of batch experiments were conducted. It was found that soils rich in iron oxide had high affinity for iodate. Iodate adsorption isotherms could be well fitted with both Langmuir and Freundlich equations. Iodate adsorption by 20 different soils from China revealed that iodate adsorption was significantly correlated with soil organic matter negatively and positively with free iron oxide contents. At initial concentration of 4 mg I L(-1), iodate adsorption ranged between 9 and 34 mg kg(-1) soil. No correlation between iodate adsorption and cation exchange capacity and soil pH was found. For a single soil, there was a significant linear relationship between the amounts of iodate adsorbed and desorbed, but for a group of different soils, the relationship between the amounts of iodate adsorption and desorption followed a nonlinear relationship, the deviation mainly occurred at high adsorption side. The relationship between K(d) and free aluminum oxide and free iron oxide contents showed an exponential relationship for various soils with exception of the soil from Hetian in Xinjiang.     

贵清山自然保护区生物多样性现状和可持续发展对策

贵清山自然保护区位于甘肃省漳县境内西南部,地处秦岭-青藏高原-黄土高原的交汇地段,具有丰富的生物多样性,已发现的高等植物有503种,野生哺乳动物有51种,鸟类有168种,两栖类动物有10种,爬行类动物有9种;中国植被区划上,属于亚热带常绿阔叶林区域、暖温带落叶阔叶林区域、温带草原区域和青藏高原高寒植被区域的交汇区,植物区系复杂,物种组成以草本植物为主;哺乳动物和鸟类区系组成以古北界占优势,而两栖爬行类动物中以东洋界物种占优势.在分析了动植物物种分布的区系特征后,探索性地提出了加强生物多样性保护和可持续发展对策.      

SJ10000风机出口气流强烈脉动现象初探

通过对 SJ10 0 0 0风机运行工况进行监测 ,对管网系统进行校验 ,以此为依据对风机出口强烈脉动现象进行了分析。采取降低管道阻力或提高风机静压力等措施来消除风机出口气流强烈脉动。