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441.
Cairong Lou Hongyu Liu Yufeng Li Yan Peng Juan Wang Lingjun Dai 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2017,189(11):582
Severe particulate matter (PM, including PM2.5 and PM10) pollution frequently impacts many cities in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) in China, which has aroused growing concern. In this study, we examined the associations between relative humidity (RH) and PM pollution using the equal step-size statistical method. Our results revealed that RH had an inverted U-shaped relationship with PM2.5 concentrations (peaking at RH = 45–70%), and an inverted V-shaped relationship (peaking at RH = 40 ± 5%) with PM10, SO2, and NO2. The trends of polluted-day number significantly changed at RH = 70%. The very-dry (RH < 45%), dry (RH = 45–60%) and low-humidity (RH = 60–70%) conditions positively affected PM2.5 and exerted an accumulation effect, while the mid-humidity (RH = 70–80%), high-humidity (RH = 80–90%), and extreme-humidity (RH = 90–100%) conditions played a significant role in reducing particle concentrations. For PM10, the accumulation and reduction effects of RH were split at RH = 45%. Moreover, an upward slope in the PM2.5/PM10 ratio indicated that the accumulation effects from increasing RH were more intense on PM2.5 than on PM10, while the opposite was noticed for the reduction effects. Secondary transformations from SO2 and NO2 to sulfate and nitrate were mainly responsible for PM2.5 pollution, and thus, controlling these precursors is effective in mitigating the PM pollution in the YRD, especially during winter. The conclusions in this study will be helpful for regional air-quality management. 相似文献
442.
Accumulation and tolerance characteristics of cadmium in Chlorophytum comosum: a popular ornamental plant and potential Cd hyperaccumulator 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The effects on the growth, physiological indexes and the cadmium (Cd) accumulation in Chlorophytum comosum under Cd stress were examined by pot-planting. The results showed that the tolerance index (TI) of C. comosum were all above 100 in soil Cd concentration of 100 mg kg − 1. The O2·-_{2^{\bullet}}^{-} production rate and electrical conductivity of C. comosum were significantly positively correlated to Cd adding-concentration while the MDA content increased and had significant differences
with the control. The activities of SOD, CAT, and POD all rose significantly in lower Cd concentration and the Cd threshold
of them were around 10, 50 and 20 mg kg − 1, respectively. The Cd in C. comosum root and aboveground part reached 1,522 and 865·5 mg kg − 1, respectively, in Cd concentration of soil up to 200 mg kg − 1. For the advantages of high tolerance, high accumulation, and high ornamental value, C. comosum may have tremendous application value in the treatment of Cd-contaminated soils. 相似文献
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444.
气相色谱/质谱联用法测定环境空气中恶臭类硫化物 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
戴军升 《环境监测管理与技术》2010,22(5):42-44
采用冷阱预浓缩-气相色谱/质谱联用法测定环境空气中硫化氢、甲硫醇、甲硫醚、二硫化碳、二甲二硫、噻吩等6种硫化物,讨论了采样容器材质的影响。方法线性良好,6种硫化物的检出限为1.0μg/m3~5.0μg/m3,混合标准气平行测定的RSD≤8.1%,加标回收率为93.5%~97.3%。 相似文献
445.
Yang DB Wang YQ Liu WX Tao S 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2008,43(4):307-313
Recent studies have focused on enantiomeric behaviors of chiral organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in biotic matrix because they provide insights into the biotransformation processes of chiral OCPs. In the present paper, a double in-line column chromatographic method was developed to effectively remove the lipid impurity in different biotic samples for clean-up of OCPs. After an initial Soxhlet extraction of OCPs from the biotic samples by a mixture of acetone and dichloromethane (DCM), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was directly added to the extract, and low boiling point solvents (acetone and DCM) were then evaporated. OCPs remained in DMSO were eluted via column 1 filled with silicon gel, and subsequently passed through column 2 packed with 15% deactivated florisil. This novel method was characterized by significant time and solvent savings. The recovery rates of alpha-HCH (hexachlorocyclohexane), beta-HCH, gamma-HCH and delta-HCH were 78.5+/-3.1%, 72.4+/-7.7%, 72+/-4.0% and 70.0+/-8.7%, respectively, and 92.5+/-3.8%, 79.7+/-6.7% and 83.4+/-6.5% for 1,1-dichloro-2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(4- chlorophenyl) ethylene (o,p'-DDE), 1,1-dichloro-2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-chloro phenyl)ethane (o,p'-DDD) and 1,1,1-trichloro-2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-chlorophenyl) ethane (o,p'-DDT), separately. In addition, the separation efficiencies of the target compounds by both achiral and chiral gas chromatographic columns were satisfactory using the established method. Therefore, the double in-line column chromatography was a useful alternative method for pretreatment of OCPs in different biotic samples. 相似文献
446.
催化湿式氧化法处理高浓度唑螨酯生产废水的研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
对唑螨酯生产过程中产生的高浓度实际废水采用催化湿式氧化技术在鼓泡式固定床反应器连续反应装置上进行处理。实验表明,制备的复合负载型催化剂CuO-MnO2-Cr2O3/ZrO2-CeO2在处理该废水时具有较好的催化活性。通过对反应温度、反应压力、反应空速、气液比和进水pH等工艺条件的考察,得出最佳的工艺条件为:反应温度=220℃,反应压力=5.8 MPa,空速=1.8 h-1,V(气)∶V(水)=260∶1,进水pH=9,在此条件下COD去除率达到95.2%。 相似文献
447.
448.
代伟 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2013,(2):51-53
利用灰色关联分析方法对秦皇岛市大气环境质量的影响因素进行筛选,得出各项因素的主次关系。研究表明,煤炭使用量、港口吞吐量和机动车保有量的增加是影响秦皇岛市大气环境质量的重要因素。基于此,提出政府应大力发展清洁能源、加强港口煤尘治理和机动车污染防治等建议。 相似文献
449.
450.
绿色屋顶雨洪调控能力与效益评价 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
日益频发的城市内涝灾害引起了社会各界的广泛关注,其主要原因是快速城市化导致的不透水面增加.绿色屋顶能够有效增加城市透水面面积,进而从源头上控制雨水径流,具有重要的生态环境效益.本文以南京市金陵小学行政楼的绿色屋顶为研究区,收集了17个月(2016-06~2017-10)中的76起降雨与径流数据,探讨了场地尺度上绿色屋顶的综合径流调控能力,辨识了影响其径流调控能力的主要因素,并基于生命周期评价理论与方法对其30年生命周期下的雨洪调控效益进行了定量评价.结果表明:①该绿色屋顶的平均截流率为62.7%,可有效削减雨水径流量和洪峰流量、延缓径流发生时间和峰现时间.②绿色屋顶对于中小型降雨具有较强的截流能力,但当其滞留能力达到饱和状态或未完全恢复时,即使是小型降雨,其截流能力也会大幅降低.③绿色屋顶径流调控能力的主要影响因素为降雨量、降雨强度和生长基质含水量.④绿色屋顶建设的成本效率为12.51元·m-3,费效比为5/12(0.41),经济效益较高.本研究结果可为绿色屋顶的规划建设、推广普及政策制定提供重要的科学依据和决策参考. 相似文献