染料降解菌的脱色特性、降解酶系及基因定位研究进展

本文分析了当前染料废水微生物降解优势菌的降解效果及降解机制等，介绍了三种染料降解酶的催化机理和影响因素，阐明了某些降解菌中的质粒可以控制不同结构染料的脱色。最终指出了提高菌株应用价值的两种途径：一是筛选或构建出具有多功能性的超级菌；二是在不改变染料性质的前提下，向其分子结构中引入特定取代基团，以提高其生物降解性。     

Inbreeding avoidance or tolerance? Comparison of mating behavior between mass-reared and wild strains of the sweet potato weevil

Inadvertent selection is an important genetic process that frequently occurs during laboratory culture. The mass-reared strain of the sweet potato weevil Cylas formicarius exhibits stronger inbreeding depression than the wild strain does. When inbreeding depression occurs in a population, mating with a close relative is often considered maladaptive; however, in some contexts, the inclusive fitness benefits of inbreeding may outweigh the costs, favoring individuals that tolerate a low level of inbreeding depression. Theory predicts that mass-reared strain weevils will avoid inbreeding while wild strain weevils will tolerate inbreeding. To examine this prediction, we compared the effect of relatedness on the mating and insemination successes in mass-reared and wild strains of C. formicarius. While close relative pairs of the wild strain copulated less frequently than non-kin pairs, almost all mass-reared strain pairs copulated irrespective of relatedness. The results showed that the strain with weak inbreeding depression (wild strain) avoided inbreeding, whereas the strain with strong inbreeding depression (mass-reared strain) tolerated inbreeding. The contradiction between the theoretical prediction and our results is discussed from the perspective of laboratory adaptation, mating systems, and life history of C. formicarius.     

High-solids anaerobic co-digestion of sewage sludge and food waste in comparison with mono digestions: Stability and performance

System stability and performance of high-solids anaerobic co-digestion of dewatered sludge (DS) and food waste (FW) in comparison with mono digestions were investigated. System stability was improved in co-digestion systems with co-substrate acting as a diluting agent to toxic chemicals like ammonia or Na⁺. For high-solids digestion of DS, the addition of FW not only improved system stability but also greatly enhanced volumetric biogas production. For high-solids digestion of FW, the addition of DS could reduce Na⁺ concentration and help maintain satisfactory stability during the conversion of FW into biogas. System performances of co-digestion systems were mainly determined by the mixing ratios of DS and FW. Biogas production and volatile solids (VSs) reduction in digestion of the co-mixture of DS and FW increased linearly with higher ratios of FW. A kinetic model, which aimed to forecast the performance of co-digestion and to assist reactor design, was developed from long-term semi-continuous experiments. Maximum VS reduction for DS and FW was estimated to be 44.3% and 90.3%, respectively, and first order constant k was found to be 0.17 d^?1 and 0.50 d^?1, respectively. Experimental data of co-digestion were in good conformity to the predictions of the model.     

微生物絮凝剂产生菌的培养条件研究

从活性污泥中分离筛选到1株高效絮凝剂产生菌E 9,初步鉴定其为大肠杆菌。首次发现大肠杆菌能产生微生物絮凝剂。该菌产生絮凝剂的适宜培养条件为:乙醇为碳源,大豆粉为氮源,初始pH值为6. 5~7 .2、温度为30℃。絮凝实验结果表明,该菌产絮凝剂对高岭土悬浊液的絮凝率可达97% ~99. 5%,而絮凝剂投加量仅为通用发酵培养基的1 /15,絮凝效果优于聚丙烯酰胺等常用絮凝剂。     

水环境多环芳烃源解析研究进展

城市化和工业化给环境带来的潜在危害引起人们对环境质量的重视。污染物来源解析研究的成果为环境管理提供了有效的工具。在查阅大量文献的基础上,综述了应用于水环境尤其是沉积物中多环芳烃源解析的主要理论方法和应用模型,并初步提出了沉积物中多环芳烃源解析方法。     

可持续发展与环境教育

可持续发展是一种全新的社会发展观。也是世界各国共同选择的发展道路,可持续发展的关键问题是生态环境保护而环境保护大计,教育为本,本文全面阐述了可持续发展和环境教育的关系,可持续发展观下环境教育的特征和策略以及环境教育怎样才能适应社会可持续发展的需要。     

Greenhouse gases emissions accounting for typical sewage sludge digestion with energy utilization and residue land application in China

About 20 million tonnes of sludge (with 80% moisture content) is discharged by the sewage treatment plants per year in China, which, if not treated properly, can be a significant source of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions. Anaerobic digestion is a conventional sewage sludge treatment method and will continue to be one of the main technologies in the following years. This research has taken into consideration GHGs emissions from typical processes of sludge thickening + anaerobic digestion + dewatering + residue land application in China. Fossil CO₂, biogenic CO₂, CH_4, and avoided CO₂ as the main objects is discussed respectively. The results show that the total CO₂-eq is about 1133 kg/t DM (including the biogenic CO₂), while the net CO₂-eq is about 372 kg/t DM (excluding the biogenic CO₂). An anaerobic digestion unit as the main GHGs emission source occupies more than 91% CO₂-eq of the whole process. The use of biogas is important for achieving carbon dioxide emission reductions, which could reach about 24% of the total CO₂-eq reduction.     

Studies on Classification of Recreational Fishery Resources and Evaluation on its Development

Recreational fishery is the combination of traditional fishery and modern leisure activities. Development of recreational fishery resources must be based on related resources, but the present research on recreational fishery is mainly confined to the development of leisure projects, the definition of connotation and scope of recreational fishery resources is rather vague, and there is no precise classification and evaluation system. According to the resources attributes, resources functions, and tourism resources classification, investigation and evaluation standard, recreational fishery resources include a number of different types. Expert Scoring Method and Analytic Hierarchy Process can be used to determine the evaluation factors of recreational fishery resources and their weights, and then make comprehensive evaluation on recreational fishery resources of different regions and types, so as to improve the scientific nature of recreational fishery development.     

An Application of Remote Sensing Data in Mapping Landscape-Level Forest Biomass for Monitoring the Effectiveness of Forest Policies in Northeastern China

Monitoring the dynamics of forest biomass at various spatial scales is important for better understanding the terrestrial carbon cycle as well as improving the effectiveness of forest policies and forest management activities. In this article, field data and Landsat image data acquired in 1999 and 2007 were utilized to quantify spatiotemporal changes of forest biomass for Dongsheng Forestry Farm in Changbai Mountain region of northeastern China. We found that Landsat TM band 4 and Difference Vegetation Index with a 3 × 3 window size were the best predictors associated with forest biomass estimations in the study area. The inverse regression model with Landsat TM band 4 predictor was found to be the best model. The total forest biomass in the study area decreased slightly from 2.77 × 10⁶ Mg in 1999 to 2.73 × 10⁶ Mg in 2007, which agreed closely with field-based model estimates. The area of forested land increased from 17.9 × 10³ ha in 1999 to 18.1 × 10³ ha in 2007. The stabilization of forest biomass and the slight increase of forested land occurred in the period following implementations of national forest policies in China in 1999. The pattern of changes in both forest biomass and biomass density was altered due to different management regimes adopted in light of those policies. This study reveals the usefulness of the remote sensing-based approach for detecting and monitoring quantitative changes in forest biomass at a landscape scale.     

基于亲景度与竞争态的入境客源市场时空态势对比分析——以新疆、甘肃为例

基于1996—2010年16个主要客源市场数据,运用亲景度及竞争态模型,对甘肃与新疆入境客源市场进行时空对比分析。结果认为,甘肃与新疆强亲景客源市场均较少,但主要客源市场对甘肃亲景度总体上高于新疆,是客源市场经济发展水平和距离衰减规律两者共同作用的结果;甘肃与新疆主要客源市场均没有"明星市场",甘肃位于"金牛市场"的国家或地区数量多于新疆,位于幼童市场的国家或地区数量低于新疆,"瘦狗市场"方面两者共性较强。对甘肃与新疆入境客源市场进行定位并扩展入境客源市场份额,为促进入境旅游持续发展提供参考。