Protoplast fusion between Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Rhodobacter sphaeroides for the treatment of soybean wastewater

The kinetic parameters and the purification rates of the hybrid cell Foaz in soybean processing wastewater (SPW) were measured through a shaking reaction and in two automatic regulated control stable fermentation systems (ARCSFS). The maximum specific growth rate of Foaz was 0.576 h^‐1, higher than that of one of its parental strains Rhodobacter sphaeroides P9479 and lower than that of another parental strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y9407. The BOD₅ removal rate of Foaz in the No. 1 system was 61.3%, higher than those of both its parental strains when the influent BOD₅ concentration was 4600 mg/L. The results of this study suggest that the hybrid Foaz has a better capacity of the degradation of organic pollutants in SPW than its parental strains and it may be applicable to the treatment of high concentration organic wastewater.     

微波法处理高浓度氨氮废水

对微波技术处理高浓度氨氮废水进行研究,分别考察了pH值、微波作用时间、曝气与否、初始氨氮浓度对去除率的影响。研究结果表明:pH和微波作用时间是影响氨氮去除率的关键因素,曝气可增强氨氮的去除率效果;浓度为500 mg/L的氨氮废水,在pH为10,微波作用时间为4 min时,曝气去除效果较好,去除率可达81.7%。     

Feasibility study of decomposing methane with hydroxyl radicals

Coal-mine gas disaster is one of the most serious coal-mine disasters in China. The main component of coal-mine gas, methane is chemically stable and very difficult to be degraded by conventional methods. Hydroxyl radical (OH), due to strong oxidizing ability and high electro-negativity, is the primary degradation source of atmospheric methane. In the present study, methane degradation using hydroxyl radicals generated by Fenton’s reagent, Fe²⁺/H₂O₂, has been carried out in the self-designed bubbling reactor. The effects of H₂O₂ concentration, dosage of FeSO₄·7H₂O and initial pH value on methane removal efficiency were investigated respectively. It has been found that the optimal reaction conditions were 100 mM of hydrogen peroxide, 2.00 mM of ferrous ion and initial pH value of 2.5. Under optimal conditions, the removal efficiency of methane reached 25% after 30 min. The preliminary experimental results unambiguously demonstrate that the degradation of methane using hydroxyl radicals generated by Fenton’s reagent is feasible.     

肋片式换热器的有限元热应力分析

利用ANSYS有限元分析软件对肋片式换热器首先进行热分析,获得温度场温度扩展分布云图,得出温度在管道周围的值最大,最大值是78.76℃;通过定义路径分析了沿着肋片径向及管道高度内壁方向上的温度分布情况,得到相应的曲线和温度分布云图;之后在热分析的基础上,利用ANSYS软件中的间接法进行热应力分析,获得热应力的分布情况,最大热应力值发生在管道外壁与蒸汽管道连接部位,其值为40.19MPa;最后根据JB4732-95《钢制压力容器分析设计标准》进行相应的应力评定后,证明该肋片换热器是安全可靠的,可以应用在实际工程生产中。     

基于均一化降水资料的中国极端降水特征分析

论文利用中国1961—2012年602个测站均一化的日降水资料,基于世界气象组织定义的11个极端降水指数,分析了近52 a中国极端降水事件的时空分布特征。结果表明：年极端降水指数长期变化趋势表明,大部分极端降水指数在我国西北和长江中下游地区（除CDD）以及东南沿海和华南大部分地区均呈现增加趋势,而在华北地区为减少趋势。极端降水指数随时间的变化表明,各指数具有明显的年际和年代际变化,从2000年开始大部分指数表现为不同程度的增加趋势,即极端降水事件从2000年开始偏多。     

除草剂对苘麻子代萌发和幼苗生长的延迟影响

以我国本土野生植物苘麻为研究对象,通过盆栽和萌发实验,研究了苯磺隆和莠去津2种除草剂施用于苘麻花期对收获种子的萌发和幼苗生长的影响.结果表明,苯磺隆和莠去津均对苘麻繁殖具有延续影响.苯磺隆对苘麻的种子萌发百分率和平均发芽时间影响不显著,而使种子萌发初始时间提前或推迟,随着浓度增加变化无规律性.大田推荐剂量浓度的苯磺隆（22.5g ai/hm²）抑制第7天幼苗生长特别是子叶下胚轴生长,而低于大田推荐剂量的6个浓度均促进第7d幼苗生长.大田推荐剂量浓度1/16的莠去津（75g ai/hm²）处理后所获得种子萌发百分率显著高于空白对照和其它处理获得的种子萌发百分率,施用大田推荐剂量（1200g ai/hm²）和大田推荐剂量浓度1/4的莠去津（300g ai/hm²）使种子初始萌发时间显著推迟.莠去津使种子平均发芽时间显著增加,大田推荐剂量浓度1/64（0.35g ai/hm²）和1/4的莠去津抑制第7天幼苗生长.     

Laboratory study on high-temperature adsorption of HCI by dry-injection of Ca（OH）2 in a dual-layer granular bed filter

Combustion-generated hydrogen chloride （HCl） is considered to be a very hazardous acid gaseous pollutant. This paper presents a laboratory study on the dry adsorption of HCl. The experiments were conducted in a dual-layer granular bed filter, at gas temperatures of 500℃-700℃ and n（Ca）/n（Cl）molar ratios of 1.0-5.0 using the silver nitrate titration method by dry adsorbent powders Ca（OH）2. Mainly, the adsorption efficiency of HCI and utilization efficiency of Calcium were studied, by varying relevant factors including n（Ca）/n（Cl）, tempera- ture, feeding method, water vapor and CO2. With a relatively higher HCl concentration of 1000ppm, the experimental results revealed that 600℃ may be the optimum temperature for HCl adsorption when optimum n （Ca）/n（Cl） was 2.5 in our tests. The results also demonstrated that the feeding at a constant pressure was more effective, and the HCl adsorption efficiency could rapidly reach over 90% with n（Ca）/n（Cl） = 2.5 at 600℃. Furthermore, the HCl adsorption efficiency was found to be slightly promoted by water vapor, while could be impeded by CO2, and the utilization efficiency of calcium could be up to 74.4% without CO2, while was only 36.8% with CO2 when n（Ca）/n（Cl） was 2.5 at 600℃.     

我国自然遗迹类保护区空缺分析及保护对策研究

自然遗迹类保护区对保护自然遗迹具有重要的作用。我国自然遗迹资源丰富,但自然遗迹类保护区在整个自然保护区体系中所占的比例相对较低,不能满足保护覆盖的需求。通过对我国自然遗迹类保护区的空缺分析,得出结论：基础地质遗迹大类和地貌景观大类的地质遗迹比例基本平衡,但仍存在保护空缺的类型。在空间分布上,要进一步重视陕甘黄土高原区、西南区、西北区、青藏高原、华东及东部沿海区的自然保护区建设,并确立优先保护区域。最后,在全面分析自然遗迹类保护区的基础上,提出相应的保护对策。     

纳米材料对污水/污泥厌氧消化系统影响的研究进展

随着纳米技术的广泛应用,越来越多的纳米材料进入污水/污泥中,对污水/污泥的厌氧消化过程产生一定的影响。综述了纳米材料特性利用在厌氧消化过程中产生的影响(吸附还原重金属,作为电子供体提高厌氧消化效能,降解难降解有机物,减少硫化氢等),以及纳米材料可能对厌氧消化系统微生物的影响(释放金属离子毒性,通过吸附作用包被微生物细胞,破坏细胞膜,引起遗传物质损伤等)。提出最大限度降低纳米材料对厌氧消化系统微生物危害以及利用纳米材料特性促进污水/污泥厌氧消化过程的可行性。     

中日水泥企业协同处置废弃物的比较研究

水泥企业协同处置废弃物成为目前构建资源节约型与生态友好型城市十分有效的途径。针对这一新型的生产技术,通过介绍并对比分析中日水泥企业协同处置废弃物现状发现,我国废弃物产量大,但协同处置的方法发展缓慢,在协同处置废弃物种类、替代燃料水平、水泥窑固废利用水平、法律法规、政府管理、企业意识等方面与日本有很大的差距,针对我国的实际情况提出促进技术发展、加大科研力度、完善管理体系等合理的建议。