吸附法脱除燃煤烟气汞

介绍了吸附法净化燃煤烟气汞的发展趋势,主要包括:活性炭吸附法、活性炭吸附再生法、改性活性炭吸附法、活性炭纤维吸附法以及我们所研究的载银活性炭纤维-低温等离子体原位再生技术等,希望能够为我国汞谈判、汞减排及汞资源的回收利用提供新的思路。     

Characterization of contamination, source and degradation of petroleum between upland and paddy fields based on geochemical characteristics and phospholipid fatty acids

To evaluate contamination caused by petroleum, surface soil samples were collected from both upland and paddy fields along the irrigation canals in the Hunpu wastewater irrigation region in northeast China. N-alkanes, terpanes, steranes, and phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) in the surface soil samples were analyzed. The aliphatic hydrocarbon concentration was highest in the samples obtained from the upland field near an operational oil well; it was lowest at I-3P where wastewater irrigation promoted the downward movement of hydrocarbons. The Hunpu region was found contaminated by heavy petroleum from oxic lacustrine fresh water or marine deltaic source rocks. Geochemical parameters also indicated significantly heavier contamination and degradation in the upland fields compared with the paddy fields. Principal component analysis based on PLFA showed various microbial communities between petroleum contaminated upland and paddy fields. Gram-negative bacteria indicated by 15:0, 3OH 12:0, and 16:1(9) were significantly higher in the paddy fields, whereas Gram-positive bacteria indicated by i16:0 and 18:1(9)c were significantly higher in the upland fields (p < 0.05). These PLFAs were related to petroleum contamination. Poly-unsaturated PLFA (18:2ωup6, 9; indicative of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria and fungi) was also significantly elevated in the upland fields. This paper recommends more sensitive indicators of contamination and degradation of petroleum in soil. The results also provide guidelines on soil pollution control and remediation in the Hunpu region and other similar regions.     

Loss prevention in the petrochemical and chemical-process high-tech industries in Taiwan

Industrial safety has noticeably improved in recent years in Taiwan. Despite these improvements, however, serious accidents including explosions, chemical releases, and fires have still occurred in companies such as the Fu Guo Chemical Company (2001), Sin Hun Chemical Company (2005), Motech Industries, Inc. (2005) and Nanpao Resin Co. (2010). These accidents resulted in great loss of life and property, and further caused demands for improvement. Chemical disasters usually result from the combination of several mistakes or gross carelessness and are seldom caused by a single episode. To ensure the safety of operating, handling and storing chemicals, as well as to prevent chemical disasters, one must take many critical points into account, such as techniques, manufacturing processes, operators, chemicals, and emergency response. In Taiwan, the hazards and risks of high-tech companies are higher than in other industrial sectors. Therefore, a variety of safety management methods and regulations appropriate for high-tech companies have been generated. We studied the current status of the indigenous loss prevention protocols based on the safety management of petrochemical and chemical-process high-tech industries in Taiwan.     

两种计算扩散参数方案的对比研究

利用由泰勒公式导出的Hay-Pasquill方法和Draxler经验公式方法,处理了双向风标风速仪的观测资料,计算并分析了兰州郊区皋兰县的扩散参数.结果表明,Hay-Pasquill方法的计算结果较Draxler经验公式方法稍大,皋兰地区的扩散参数比Briggs开阔平原地区的扩散曲线高2～3个稳定度级。      

环境试样中痕量砷的形态分析研究

提出了湖水和土壤中痕量砷的形态分类方案,研究备形态的分离与测定.水样以0.45μm膜过滤分离出悬浮态的砷,用活性炭分离砷的胶态与游离态;土壤样品依次用水、稀盐酸提取.0.45μm膜过滤,得到水溶态、酸溶态和残余态,前两者用活性炭方法分离胶态与游离态;以巯基棉纤维分离,二巯基丙醇衍生气相色谱法测定各形态的砷的总量及胶态与游离态中砷的价态、无机态和有机态,从而建立湖水和土壤中痕量砷的形态分析方法.     

水环境中2，4，6－三氯酚的光化学降解研究

研究了2,4,6－三氯酚（TCP）在水中不同存在形态、水体pH值、溶解氧、藻类对其光化学降解行为的影响。先用孔雀绿无色氰化物（MGLC）,计算天津海河、北排污河两个自然水体,底泥悬浮物引起的光分散衰减系数,再用RG.Zeep公式预测出天津海河水中TCP的光解速率高于天津北排污河。天津污水土地处理系统进口水中TCP的光解速率常数：在夏季,kd＝0.059（h^-1）;在冬季kd＝0.011（b^-1）;光解半衰期为19.8h^-1。实验结果为处理后污水的安全回用提供了科学依据。     

广东省耕地减少的原因及其对策研究

采用统计方法,对广东省历年耕地及其构成进行相关分析,结果表明广东省耕地减少的原因主要是农业结构调整和其它未统计耕地减少;在近几年未统计耕地减少和结构调整中的改鱼塘占用分别约占耕地总减少量的１／３。在新增加耕地的类型中,围垦增加的比例已很低;复垦增加的比例上升极快,近年达３／４,复垦将是未来耕地面积增加的主要来源。     

难降解有机废水的萃取置换法预处理

针对生物法处理难降解有机废水时去除率不高,停留时间长,难地达到排放等缺点,提出一种新的预自理方法－萃取置换法,并以乙草胺废水的处理为例,从萃取剂的筛选,工艺的优化,技术经济评价等方面进行了分析研究,结果表明,二甲苯作用为萃取剂能将废水的ＢＯＤ５／ＣＯＤ从０提高到０．４７６,且不需反萃操作;当乙草胺浓度 为１００ｍｇ／Ｌ时,萃取置换法投资较小;当浓度增大到５００ｍｇ／Ｌ是,萃取置换法在投资及净现值方     

果尔对水稻土中厌氧细菌的影响

探讨了各种浓度的果尔对水稻土中厌氧细菌群的影响,实验表明,低于或等于田间正常施药量的果尔,在１周内对各类氧细菌的生长具有刺激作用,随着施药后时间的延长,刺激作用逐渐消失;高于田间正常施药量的果尔,在１周内对各类厌氧细菌的生长具有明显的抑制作用,随着施药后时间的延长,果尔的降解产物能促进各类厌氧细菌的生长。     

双极性膜电渗析法处理酚钠溶液研究

采用双极性膜电渗析法处理酚钠溶液回收苯酚和NaOH溶液。结果表明 ,双极性膜电渗析处理质量分数为 5 %～ 15 %的酚钠溶液较为理想 ,在低电压下可保持高电流密度 82mA/cm2 ,转化率为 86 %～ 94 % ,回收苯酚能耗约为 2 7kW·h/kg。