Strategic Thinking for Sustainable Development of Mining-Based Cities in China

Cities based on mining are distinctive from other cities in China. Their heavy dependence on minerals, a relatively undiversified industrial structure, seriously damaged ecological environment and the rather low degree of openness have all reduced their competitiveness, and severely constrained and hindered their sustainable development. In this paper the authors will study mining-based cities from the perspective of sustainable development, first by having a critical review of their features, and then by researching into strategic options to support their sustainable development.     

Livelihood impacts of the conversion of cropland to forest and grassland program

Land use changes induced by the Conversion of Cropland to Forest and Grassland Program are found to provide farm households sampled in four counties from Shaanxi and Qinghai Provinces with increased net profits. This result is found to be robust for a range of discount rates and output price projections. The net present value of the difference in farm profits with and without the Program is found to be positive even when payments made under the Program are subtracted from with Program profits. Variations in the impact of the Program on farm household net profits were observed across the county samples. These results suggest that reversion to pre-Program land uses is unlikely as long as farmer's rights over converted land are well defined and defended.     

某废弃化工厂场地与生产设施环境风险识别

选择中国典型的废弃化工污染场地为研究对象,开展第一阶段的场地环境调查,通过资料收集与文献审核、现场踏勘、相关人员的访谈,开展场地和生产设施环境污染初步分析,调查目的是识别可能存在的污染源和污染物,初步确定场地和生产设施存在的环境风险。调查结果表明：N,N-二乙基羟胺生产车间构筑物和车间内的反应釜、蒸馏釜、陶瓷罐等生产设备已经受到污染;场地潜在污染区域为N,N-二乙基羟胺生产车间区域、剧毒品库、废水收集池及管线所在区域。     

鄂尔多斯块体周缘地震活动特征分析

分析了鄂尔多斯块体周缘的地震活动特征,结果表明块体的东缘、南缘、西缘均发生过8级强震或多次7级以上地震,而北缘历史上仅发生过1次7级地震,可见块体周缘的强震活动水平存在显著差异,中强地震活动的时间、空间差异也较为显著,1929年以前,块体北缘没有中强地震记录,而块体东缘、南缘、西缘却是中强地震的丛集区域,1929年以后,块体周缘的地震活动格局发生了显著变化。2008年5月12日汶川8.0级地震后,多种迹象表明,鄂尔多斯块体北缘特别是西北缘的地震危险趋势将进一步加剧。b值空间扫描结果显示该区域也是低b值高应力积累区域,鄂尔多斯块体北缘的历史中强地震均发生在这些高应力积累的区域。在关注鄂尔多斯块体西北缘的同时,也应特别关注超长平静区内蒙古临河至晋冀蒙交界地区发生强震的可能性。     

Toxic effects of perfluorononanoic acid on the development of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos

Perfluorononanoic acid(PFNA) is a nine-carbon perfluoroalkyl acid widely used in industrial and domestic products. It is a persistent organic pollutant found in the environment as well as in the tissues of humans and wildlife. There is a concern that this chemical might be a developmental toxicant and teratogen in various ecosystems. In the present study,the toxic effects of PFNA were evaluated in zebrafish(Danio rerio) embryos. One hour post-fertilization embryos were treated with 0, 25, 50, 100, 200, 300, 350, and 400 μmol/L PFNA for 96 hr in 6-well plates. Developmental phenotypes and hatching rates were observed and recorded. Nineteen genes related to oxidative stress and lipid metabolism were examined using Quantitative RT-PCR and confirmed by whole mount in situ hybridization(WISH). Results showed that PFNA delayed the development of zebrafish embryos, reduced the hatching rate, and caused ventricular edema and malformation of the spine. In addition, the amount of reactive oxygen species in the embryo bodies increased significantly after exposure to PFNA compared with that of the control group. The Quantitative RT-PCR and WISH experiments demonstrated that m RNA expression of the lfabp and ucp2 genes increased significantly while that of sod1 and mt-nd1 decreased significantly after PFNA exposure. The m RNA expression levels of gpx1 and mt-atp6 decreased significantly in the high concentration group. However, the m RNA expression levels of both ppara and pparg did not show any significant variation after exposure. These findings suggest that PFNA affected the development of zebrafish embryos at relatively low concentrations.     

Zero-valent iron doped carbons readily developed from sewage sludge for lead removal from aqueous solution

Low-cost but high-efficiency composites of iron-containing porous carbons were prepared using sewage sludge and ferric salts as raw materials. Unlike previous time- and energy-consuming manufacturing procedures, this study shows that pyrolyzing a mixture of sludge and ferric salt can produce suitable composites for lead adsorption. The specific surface area, the total pore volume and the average pore width of the optimal composite were 321 m²/g, 0.25 cm³/g, and 3.17 nm, respectively. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that ferric salt favored the formation of metallic iron, while Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed the formation of hydroxyl and carboxylic groups. The result of batch tests indicated that the adsorption capacity of carbons activated with ferric salt could be as high as 128.9 mg/g, while that of carbons without activation was 79.1 mg/g. The new manufacturing procedure used in this study could save at least 19.5 kJ of energy per gram of activated carbon.     

二氧化钛纳米颗粒与重金属联合毒性研究进展

二氧化钛纳米颗粒(Ti O2-NPs)在广泛使用的同时也带来了潜在的环境污染、生态和健康风险。随着Ti O2-NPs的废弃量逐年上升,其与环境中重金属的联合毒性特别是对生态环境的影响逐渐引起国内外研究者重视。结合近几年国内外对二者相互作用的研究,重点综述Ti O2-NPs与铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)和砷(As)之间的联合毒性,并对存在的问题和今后的关注重点进行探讨。     

Removal of carbamazepine and clofibric acid from water using double templates–molecularly imprinted polymers

A novel double templates–molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was prepared by precipitation polymerization using carbamazepine (CBZ) and clofibric acid (CA) as the double templates molecular and 2-vinylpyridine as functional monomer. The equilibrium data of MIP was well described by the Freundlich isotherm model. Two kinetic models were adopted to describe the experimental data, and the pseudo second-order model well-described adsorption of CBZ and CA on the MIP. Adsorption experimental results showed that the MIP had good selectivity and adsorption capacity for CBZ and CA in the presence of competitive compounds compared with non-imprinted polymer, commercial powdered activated carbon, and C18 adsorbents. The feasibility of removing CBZ and CA from water by the MIP was demonstrated using tap water, lake water, and river water.     

有机化合物动态定量结构—生物降解关系（QSBR）模型研究

本文通过分析影响有机物生物降解的基本因素，指出ＱＳＢＲ模型应综合反映影响有机物生物降解的四个方面：取代化合物的摄入、取代化合物的诱导作用，毒性物质的形成和基础酶的缺乏，在此基础之上给出了动态ＱＳＢＲ的概念模型及方法学基础，并利用其研究了氯代芳香化合物的生物降解性。     

Research on Mechanism of Diversified Investment and Financing in Building Ecological Cities

Ecological city is the advanced mode of harmonious development of city. Constant improvement is being made in the development of ecological city. However, building ecological city is an enormous project that calls for a huge amount of capital. The government fund is far from adequate. This paper probes into the fund issue and discusses in detail the mechanism of investment and financing in building ecological city from various aspects such as diversification of the investment subjects and the modes of financing.