我国棉花主要病虫害综合防治技术研究的方向与对策

就棉花病虫害预测预报、防治指标与防治策略、抗病虫品种鉴定与选育、主要害虫抗药性监测与治理、农药新品种开发、天敌保护利用、应用基础研究、棉田玉米螟防治技术等综述了“八五”期间我国综合防治研究的进展和现状。并指出了当前存在的主要问题及今后棉花病虫综合防治的发展方向与对策。     

碱熔－蒸馏－离子选择电极法测定废钻井液中全氟

废钻井液是油气勘探开发的废弃物，目前多采用就地掩埋方式处置。准确测定废钻井液中氟化物的含量，对于评价其对环境可能造成的影响是十分必要的。选用离子选择电极法测定废钻井液中的氟时，对预处理方法进行了试验研究：试验了蒸馏－离子选择电极法、碱熔－离子选择电极法、碱熔－蒸馏－离子选择电极法。结论是：碱熔－蒸馏预处理法综合了碱熔法和蒸馏法各自的优点，能将氟从钻井液中最大程度地蒸馏出来，消除了基体对氟测定的干扰。因此，此法以回收率表示的废钻井液全氟准确度为最高并达到了文献要求，方法可靠。     

天山巴音布鲁克麝鼠资源及其保护利用

本文报道了１９７９年天山巴半布鲁克区外贸站从博斯腾湖引进麝鼠１０００余只，放养 于巴音布鲁克大小尤勒都期治泽地后１０年内的资源消长，本报记者麝鼠不同栖息地的环境状况，外形特征，引进麝射种的利弊及其保护利用等问题。     

鞍山市区岩溶分布基本规律及其潜在灾害防治的初步探讨

本文简述了鞍山市区地势及地质构造,分析了隐伏岩溶及塌陷分布的基本规律,探讨了岩溶在漫长的地质时期形成的过程,及其表现的主要特征,指出了岩溶塌陷的形成机理及对建筑物的威胁,划出了防范区,最后,提出了防治对策。     

中国兵器工业事故的分布特点

兵器工业事故容易受噪声影响。在时序上发生爆炸事故和机械伤害事故的事件明显地受社会状态的影响，社会混乱则事件数上升。各类爆炸物的事故与季节存在明显依赖关系，但是机械伤害事故与季节的关系不明显。本文提供了１６种事故的季节分布图。     

油田化学剂生物毒性的测定及其分级标准

通过试验建立了测定油田化学剂生物毒性的发光细菌法。用发光细菌法测定了几十种钻井/完井液添加剂和钻井／完井液体系的生物毒性，并在此基础上提出了油田化学剂生物毒性的分级标准。     

Analysis of the origin of peak aerosol optical depth in springtime over the Gulf of Tonkin

By aggregating MODIS(moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer) AOD(aerosol optical depth) and OMI(ozone monitoring instrument) UVAI(ultra violet aerosol index)datasets over 2010–2014, it was found that peak aerosol loading in seasonal variation occurred annually in spring over the Gulf of Tonkin(17–23°N, 105–110°E). The vertical structure of the aerosol extinction coefficient retrieved from the spaceborne lidar CALIOP(cloud-aerosol lidar with orthogonal polarization) showed that the springtime peak AOD could be attributed to an abrupt increase in aerosol loading between altitudes of 2 and 5 km.In contrast, aerosol loading in the low atmosphere(below 1 km) was only half of that in winter. Wind fields in the low and high atmosphere exhibited opposite transportation patterns in spring over the Gulf of Tonkin, implying different sources for each level. By comparing the emission inventory of anthropogenic sources with biomass burning, and analyzing the seasonal variation of the vertical structure of aerosols over the Northern Indo-China Peninsula(NIC), it was concluded that biomass burning emissions contributed to high aerosol loading in spring. The relatively high topography and the high surface temperature in spring made planetary boundary layer height greater than 3 km over NIC. In addition, small-scale cumulus convection frequently occurred, facilitating pollutant rising to over 3 km, which was a height favoring long-range transport. Thus, pollutants emitted from biomass burning over NIC in spring were raised to the high atmosphere, then experienced long-range transport, leading to the increase in aerosol loading at high altitudes over the Gulf of Tonkin during spring.     

A comprehensive evaluation of re-circulated bio-filter as a pretreatment process for petroleum refinery wastewater

Conventional biological treatment process is not very efficient for the treatment of petroleum refinery wastewater (PRW) that contains high-concentration of organic contaminants. Prior to biological treatment, an additional pretreatment process for PRW is required for the effluent to meet the discharge standards. While re-circulated bio-filter (RBF) has been applied as a pretreatment process in several PRW treatment plants, its effects have not been comprehensively evaluated. In this study, the parameters of operation, the changes in pollution indexes and contaminant composition in an engineered RBF have been investigated. We found that mainly highly active de-carbonization bacteria were present in the RBF, while no nitrification bacteria were found in the RBF. This indicated the absence of nitrification in this process. The biodegradable organic contaminants were susceptible to degradation by RBF, which decreased the Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD₅) by 83.64% and the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD_Cr) by 54.63%. Consequently, the alkalinity and pH value of RBF effluent significantly increased, which was unfavorable for the control of operating parameters in subsequent biological treatment. Along with the decrease of COD_Cr, the RBF effluent exhibited a reduction in biodegradability. 834 kinds of recalcitrant polar organic contaminants remained in the effluent; most of the contaminant molecules having complex structures of aromatic, polycyclic and heterocyclic rings. The results of this study showed that RBF could efficiently treat PRW for biodegradable organic contaminants removal; however, it is difficult to treat bio-refractory organic contaminants, which was unfavorable for the subsequent biological treatment process operation. An improved process might provide overall guarantees for the PRW treatment.     

石墨烯电极电活化过硫酸盐降解含酚废水研究

以苯酚为目标污染物,利用石墨烯电极自身性质及电活化共同作用下活化过硫酸盐(PDS)产生氧化性自由基降解苯酚,对影响苯酚降解的因素(包括电流密度、初始pH值、PDS浓度及影响反应的主导自由基)进行探讨。通过系统中加入一定量的甲醇和叔丁醇作为自由基猝灭剂的猝灭试验确定降解过程中的主导自由基。结果表明,在未通电情况下石墨烯电极对苯酚也具有去除作用,可以吸附苯酚。在通电情况下,由于电活化和石墨烯活化的双重作用,相比于单一石墨烯体系和单一PDS体系,石墨烯/PDS体系对苯酚的降解率显著提高,在n(PDS)∶n (phenol)为50∶1、苯酚初始质量浓度为25mg/L、pH值为11、电流密度为30 mA/cm²的条件下,在90 min内苯酚的降解率可达98.91%。通过淬灭试验确定在石墨烯/PDS降解苯酚体系中以硫酸根自由基为主(SO₄^-·)、羟基自由基(·OH)为辅。综上所述,在未通电情况下,石墨烯可以利用自身吸附作用去除苯酚,在通电情况下,石墨烯电极利用自身性质以及电活化活化过硫酸盐,与单一PDS体系和单一石墨烯体系相比,有效提高了过硫酸盐的活化程度,提高了苯酚的降解率。     

过程模拟软件在酸性水单塔汽提工艺中的应用

通过PRO/Ⅱ过程模拟软件对酸性水单塔汽提工艺过程进行模拟,分析冷进料的变化对单塔汽提顶酸性气质量、侧线气组成、净化水质量及蒸汽耗量的影响,根据模拟结果提出优化流程,以期对现场装置的运行和改造提出指导性建议.