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351.
探讨了城市总体规划层面如何进行气候适应性考量,提出在气候变化背景下自适应的城市综合防灾规划策略应全面渗透到城市总体规划的关键规划要素,尤其是土地使用规划和各专业系统规划中,而不应仅仅提出一些传统、孤立的应对措施。气候变化会导致潜在不适宜开发建设的用地范围大幅增加,加强论证气候变化对用地适宜性的影响,适度扩大禁建区和限建区的范围,是有效预防各类气象灾害及次生灾害的前提。各专业系统规划技术规范需加紧修订,突破传统思维,不能完全孤立地考虑单一的规划目标,进行气候适应性调整,并要积极预防不适应气候变化的已建人工构筑物成为事故灾害源。 相似文献
352.
We examined the concentration, size distribution, redox state and isotopic composition of plutonium (Pu) in groundwater at the 100K-Area at the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Hanford Site. Total concentrations of Pu isotopes were extremely low (10(-4) to 10(-6) pCi/kg, approximately 10(4) to 10(6) atoms/kg) but measurable for the first time in the 100K-Area wells using mass spectrometric analyses that are much more sensitive than alpha spectroscopy methods used previously. Size fractionation data from two wells suggest that 7-29% of the Pu is associated with colloids, operationally defined here as particles between 1 kDa-0.2 microm in size. These colloids were collected using a 1 kDa cross-flow ultrafiltration (CFF) system developed specifically for groundwater actinide studies to include careful controls both in the field and during processing to ensure in situ geochemical conditions are maintained and size separations can be well characterized. Pu in this colloidal fraction was exclusively in the more reduced Pu(III/IV) form, consistent with the higher affinity of Pu in the lower oxidation states for particle surfaces. While the overall concentrations of Pu were low, the Pu isotopic composition suggests at least two local sources of groundwater Pu, namely, local Hanford reactor operations at the 100K-Area and spent nuclear fuel from the N-reactor, which was stored in concrete pools at this site. Differences between this site and the Savannah River Site (SRS) are noted, since groundwater Pu at the F-Area seepage basin at SRS has been found using these same methods, to be characterized by lower colloidal abundances and higher oxidation states. This difference is not directly attributable to groundwater redox potential or geochemical conditions, but rather the physical-chemical difference in Pu sources, which at SRS appear to be dominated downstream from the seepage basins by decay of 244Cm, resulting in more oxidized forms of 240Pu. There is no clear evidence for colloid facilitated transport of Pu in groundwater at the Hanford Site, since downstream wells have both an order of magnitude lower concentrations of Pu and a lower fractional colloidal distribution. 相似文献
353.
354.
In order to assess the adsorption of iodate by different soils from China, a series of batch experiments were conducted. It was found that soils rich in iron oxide had high affinity for iodate. Iodate adsorption isotherms could be well fitted with both Langmuir and Freundlich equations. Iodate adsorption by 20 different soils from China revealed that iodate adsorption was significantly correlated with soil organic matter negatively and positively with free iron oxide contents. At initial concentration of 4 mg I L(-1), iodate adsorption ranged between 9 and 34 mg kg(-1) soil. No correlation between iodate adsorption and cation exchange capacity and soil pH was found. For a single soil, there was a significant linear relationship between the amounts of iodate adsorbed and desorbed, but for a group of different soils, the relationship between the amounts of iodate adsorption and desorption followed a nonlinear relationship, the deviation mainly occurred at high adsorption side. The relationship between K(d) and free aluminum oxide and free iron oxide contents showed an exponential relationship for various soils with exception of the soil from Hetian in Xinjiang. 相似文献
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356.
典型醛类污染物与细胞DNA分子的结合作用 总被引:14,自引:1,他引:13
为了研究甲醛、乙醛和丙烯醛等 3种典型醛类污染物与细胞DNA的结合作用 ,探讨其遗传毒性效应和机制 ,采用体外测试系统 ,应用紫外光谱移动法和高效液相色谱法研究结合位点 .结果表明 ,醛类污染物染毒细菌DNA紫外吸收峰位移不显著 ;但提取的细菌DNA与甲醛进行试管反应体系紫外位移显著 ;醛类污染物染毒真核细胞致DNA分子紫外吸收峰位移显著 ;乙醛与脱氧鸟苷酸的试管反应经NaBH4 还原后经HPLC分离检测 ,产物初步定性为N2-乙基鸟苷加合物 .说明 3种醛类污染物能够与细胞DNA结合而体现遗传毒性 ,鸟苷的N2位可能是共价加合的位点 . 相似文献
357.
358.
359.
Shumei Jiang Xiang Li Long Zhang Wei Sun Shikun Dai Lianwu Xie Yonghong Liu Kyung Jin Lee 《Marine Biology》2008,153(5):945-952
The study describes the diversity of actinobacteria isolated from the marine sponge Iotrochota sp. collected in the South China Sea. Species and natural product diversity of isolates were analyzed, including screening
for genes encoding polyketide synthases (PKS) and nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS), and 16S rRNA gene restriction fragment
length polymorphism (RFLP). PKS and NRPS sequences were detected in more than half of the isolates and the different “PKS-I–PKS-II–NRPS”
combinations in different isolates belonging to the same species indicated a potential natural product diversity and divergent
genetic evolution. The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that the isolates belonged to genera
Streptomyces, Cellulosimicrobium, and Nocardiopsis. The majority of the strains tested belonged to the genus Streptomyces and one of them may be a new species. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a bacterium classified as Cellulosimicrobium sp. isolated from a marine sponge.
Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-recourses Sustainable Utilization (LMB-CAS), Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica
(LMMM-GD), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, People’s Republic of China. 相似文献
360.
长期单施NK肥条件下几种典型土壤磷的演化 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
为探讨我国典型土壤长期单施氮钾肥对土壤全磷和Olsen-P磷的影响,研究了不同气候条件、不同耕作制度下,7种典型土壤类型长期定位试验单施氮钾肥下土壤全磷和Olsen-P变化及其影响因素.结果表明,在长期单施氮钾肥条件下,除杭州水稻土全磷含量稳定在1.0g·kg-1左右外,其余6种耕作土壤全磷含量和土壤Olsen-P均呈显著下降趋势,全磷含量下降幅度在13.6%~44.9%之间;土壤Olsen-P下降速率比全磷高几倍,Olsen-P下降有一定阈值,这一阈值大约为5 mg·kg-1.土壤全磷含量与土壤Olsen-P含量呈极显著直线相关关系.因此,长期单施氮钾肥在很大程度上减少了土壤磷素养分库. 相似文献