青藏高原极端环境植物适应性进化分子机制研究进展

通过综述青藏高原极端环境植物适应性进化分子机制,总结了植物对于青藏高原低温、干旱、强辐射及传粉者稀少等环境表现出的不同适应机制.根据现有研究进展,提出青藏高原植物适应性分子进化机制几个研究方向,期望为研究植物对极端环境和逆境的适应性进化分子机制提供一定的参考.     

苯系混合气体生物滴滤器非稳态工况性能

用以纤维附着活性炭(ACOF)和不锈钢丝网为载体材料的气体生物滴滤器(BTF)进行了净化TEX(甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯)混合气体的负荷冲击和闲置恢复运行.负荷冲击实验表明,在最大消除能力范围以内,污染负荷加倍后,起始阶段净化效率下降20%左右,但2d后就基本恢复原有效率.闲置恢复实验表明,8～12 h的停运闲置对设备的性能基本无影响;2d闲置停运后,恢复开机时性能下降20%左右,但在4～6h内便能恢复;29d的闲置对设备的性能影响较大,恢复开机时性能下降70%～80%,需10d左右的时间才能基本恢复.结果表明,采用ACOF和不锈钢丝网的BTF具较好的抗负荷变化及缓冲能力.     

循环温度荷载作用下饱和黏土的体积变形特性

采用温控三轴仪,研究了排水条件下温度循环引起的饱和黏土体积变化特性。试验结果表明,温度循环会使得土体产生不可恢复的体积变形,塑性体积应变的大小随温度循环周数的增加而增加,并逐渐趋于稳定值;若将经历过温度循环的土样重新加载到新的正常固结状态,后续温度循环中产生的塑性体积应变量值及发展规律与初始循环下的类似;同等温度增量下,体积应变的大小主要受超固结比OCR的影响,与应力水平无关。OCR越大,体积应变越小,随温度循环周数稳定的也越快。基于广义塑性理论,给出了热-力耦合作用下土体体积应变的计算模型。模型中考虑了温度塑性应变对屈服应力的硬化作用,根据屈服应力与前期固结应力之间的差异间接体现温度历史的影响,进而合理地模拟体积应变随温度循环周数的累积规律。利用所建立的模型对本文试验和文献中的数据进行了模拟,验证了模型的可靠性。     

一种基于分形插值原理的焊缝轨迹识别方法

针对机器人智能化实时焊缝跟踪和视觉自动化轨迹识别对焊枪自主整合焊缝的焊接质量稳定性的影响,探讨平面焊缝的图像特征,提出了一种基于分形插值模型的焊缝轨迹图形处理方法,通过分析矩形域内分形曲面的少量数据,建立焊缝的分形几何形态,仿真其粗糙表面,根据所得结果可以快速、准确地捕捉具有分形特征的平面焊缝,实现实时焊缝跟踪及轨迹识别,提高焊缝整合的质量稳定性。以平面曲线焊缝为实例进行模拟,结果表明该研究模型可以有效提高平面焊缝轨迹识别的精度,验证了分形插值仿真在求解焊缝轨迹识别问题时的有效性。     

Enhanced catalytic oxidation of 2,4-dichlorophenol via singlet oxygen dominated peroxymonosulfate activation on CoOOH@Bi2O3 composite

• Bi₂O₃ cannot directly activate PMS. • Bi₂O₃ loading increased the specific surface area and conductivity of CoOOH. • Larger specific surface area provided more active sites for PMS activation. • Faster electron transfer rate promoted the generation of reactive oxygen species. • ¹O₂ was identified as dominant ROS in the CoOOH@Bi₂O₃/PMS system. Cobalt oxyhydroxide (CoOOH) has been turned out to be a high-efficiency catalyst for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation. In this study, CoOOH was loaded on bismuth oxide (Bi₂O₃) using a facile chemical precipitation process to improve its catalytic activity and stability. The result showed that the catalytic performance on the 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) degradation was significantly enhanced with only 11 wt% Bi₂O₃ loading. The degradation rate in the CoOOH@Bi₂O₃/PMS system (0.2011 min⁻¹) was nearly 6.0 times higher than that in the CoOOH/PMS system (0.0337 min⁻¹). Furthermore, CoOOH@Bi₂O₃ displayed better stability with less Co ions leaching (16.4% lower than CoOOH) in the PMS system. These phenomena were attributed to the Bi₂O₃ loading which significantly increased the conductivity and specific surface area of the CoOOH@Bi₂O₃ composite. Faster electron transfer facilitated the redox reaction of Co (III) / Co (II) and thus was more favorable for reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Meanwhile, larger specific surface area furnished more active sites for PMS activation. More importantly, there were both non-radical (¹O₂) and radicals (SO₄⁻•, O₂⁻•, and OH•) in the CoOOH@Bi₂O₃/PMS system and ¹O₂ was the dominant one. In general, this study provided a simple and practical strategy to enhance the catalytic activity and stability of cobalt oxyhydroxide in the PMS system.     

High-solid anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge: achievements and perspectives

• High-solid anaerobic digestion (HS-AD) of sewage sludge (SS) is overviewed. • Factors affecting process stability and performance in HS-AD of SS are revealed. • HS effect and knowledge gaps of current research on the HS-AD of SS are identified. • Future efforts on addressing knowledge gaps and improving HS-AD of SS are proposed. High-solid anaerobic digestion (HS-AD) has been applied extensively during the last few decades for treating various organic wastes, such as agricultural wastes, organic fractions of municipal solid wastes, and kitchen wastes. However, the application of HS-AD to the processing of sewage sludge (SS) remains limited, which is largely attributable to its poor process stability and performance. Extensive research has been conducted to attempt to surmount these limitations. In this review, the main factors affecting process stability and performance in the HS-AD of SS are comprehensively reviewed, and the improved methods in current use, such as HS sludge pre-treatment and anaerobic co-digestion with other organic wastes, are summarised. Besides, this paper also discusses the characteristics of substance transformation in the HS-AD of SS with and without thermal pre-treatment. Research has shown that the HS effect is due to the presence of high concentrations of substances that may inhibit the function of anaerobic microorganisms, and that it also results in poor mass transfer, a low diffusion coefficient, and high viscosity. Finally, knowledge gaps in the current research on HS-AD of SS are identified. Based on these, it proposes that future efforts should be devoted to standardising the definition of HS sludge, revealing the law of migration and transformation of pollutants, describing the metabolic pathways by which specific substances are degraded, and establishing accurate mathematical models. Moreover, developing green sludge dewatering agents, obtaining high value-added products, and revealing effects of the above two on HS-AD of SS can also be considered in future.     

轮虫在生态毒理学中的研究进展

轮虫是浮游动物中的重要类群,因具有生活周期短、对毒物的敏感性高、有两性生殖方式、易培养和实用性强等优势特征,已被用作生态毒理学实验中重要的模式生物,颇有研究前景。本文简介了轮虫作为受试生物的特点及其生活史,并从实验方法、污染物种类、测试指标等角度对近几十年来轮虫在生态毒理学中的应用现状、主要成果和最新进展作了概述,主要包括轮虫在常规毒性评价中的应用:急性毒性、慢性毒性以及对其行为的影响效应;综述了几类典型环境污染物,例如重金属、UV辐射、持久性有机污染物以及农药化合物的胁迫对轮虫的毒性效应,特别对目前存在的问题、研究热点及今后需要加强研究的方向进行了讨论和展望,以期为应用轮虫生态毒理学进行环境污染及风险评估提供参考。     

基于超级电池储能的DVR在智能配电网中的应用研究

智能配电网已在我国飞速发展,随着分布式电源的大量接入,配电网电压跌落问题突出,提出了一种以超级电池为储能单元的动态电压恢复器(DVR)治理电压跌落的方法。在分析超级电池原理与特性的基础上,建立了基于双向DC/DC并联式储能系统的超级电池等效模型,然后通过算例与仿真结果验证了基于超级电池的动态电压恢复器具有快速的动态响应能力,满足智能配电网所要求的自愈性。     

预应力CFRP筋混凝土梁的抗火试验研究

进行了3根预应力CFRP筋混凝土梁的抗火性能试验,考虑了荷载比对试验梁抗火性能的影响,分析了梁截面温度场、跨中挠度变形和CFRP应力随时间的变化规律。试验结果表明:(1)当保护层厚度为90 mm时,CFRP筋的温度不超过200 ℃,可有效降低CFRP筋的受火温度;(2)受火初期试验梁的挠度变形增长较快,随后增长速度趋于平缓;(3)随着荷载比的增加,试验梁的抗火性能不断降低;(4)与传统预应力钢筋相比,预应力 CFRP筋更易受到温度的影响,最终试验梁由于CFRP筋的断裂而破坏。因此,对于预应力CFRP筋混凝土构件,应采取有效的防火措施。