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101.
设计了一种循环式超声强化光催化反应器,以TiO2作为光催化剂,研究了超声功率、TiO2加入量、循环液流速和空气流量对双酚A(BPA)降解效果的影响。实验结果表明:超声与光催化过程在循环式超声强化光催化反应器中实现了较好的协同效应;在初始BPA质量浓度为20.0mg/L、超声功率为600W、TiO2加入量为7g/L、循环液流速为4.05×10-2m/s、空气流量为200mL/min的条件下,反应150min后,BPA降解率可达90.5%,溶液中剩余BPA质量浓度仅为1.8mg/L,反应240min后TOC去除率可达84.5%。 相似文献
102.
Assessment of natural sepiolite on cadmium stabilization, microbial communities, and enzyme activities in acidic soil 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Yuebing Sun Guohong Sun Yingming Xu Lin Wang Xuefeng Liang Dasong Lin Fazhi Hu 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(5):3290-3299
A pot trial was conducted to assess the efficiency of sepiolite-induced cadmium (Cd) immobilization in ultisoils. Under Cd concentrations of 1.25, 2.5, and 5 mg?kg?1, the available Cd in the soil after the application of 1–10 % sepiolite decreased by a maximum of 44.4, 23.0, and 17.0 %, respectively, compared with no sepiolite treatments. The increase in the values of soil enzyme activities and microbial number proved that a certain metabolic recovery occurred after sepiolite treatment. The dry biomass of spinach (Spinacia oleracea) increased with increasing sepiolite concentration in the soil. However, the concentration (dry weight) of Cd in the spinach shoots decreased with the increase in sepiolite dose, with maximum reduction of 92.2, 90.0, and 84.9 %, respectively, compared with that of unamended soils. Under a Cd level of 1.25 mg?kg?1, the Cd concentration in the edible parts of spinach at 1 % sepiolite amendment was lower than 0.2 mg?kg?1 fresh weight, the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) of Cd in vegetable. Even at higher Cd concentrations (2.5 and 5 mg?kg?1), safe spinach was produced when the sepiolite treatment was up to 5 %. The results showed that sepiolite-assisted remediation could potentially succeed on a field scale by decreasing Cd entry into the food chain. 相似文献
103.
Rubber and pulp plantations represent a double threat to Hainan's natural tropical forests 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hainan, the largest tropical island in China, belongs to the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot and harbors large areas of tropical forests, particularly in the uplands. The Changhua watershed is the cradle of Hainan's main river and a center of endemism for plants and birds. The watershed contains great habitat diversity and is an important conservation area. We analyzed the impact of rubber and pulp plantations on the distribution and area of tropical forest in the watershed, using remote sensing analysis of Landsat images from 1988, 1995 and 2005. From 1988 to 1995, natural forest increased in area (979-1040?sq?km) but decreased rapidly (763?sq?km) over the next decade. Rubber plantations increased steadily through the study period while pulp plantations appeared after 1995 but occupied 152?sq?km by 2005. Rubber and pulp plantations displace different types of natural forest and do not replace one another. Because pulp is not as profitable as rubber and existing pulp processing capacity greatly exceeds local supply, considerable pressure exists on remaining upland forests. We recommend for future management that these plantation forests be reclassified as 'industrial', making a clear policy distinction between natural and industrial forestry. Additionally, the local government should work to enforce existing laws preventing forest conversion on marginal and protected areas. 相似文献
104.
德国《民法典》确定了一般环境侵权的规则——行为责任,再以《环境责任法》确立了特殊的环境侵权的规则——设备责任。设备侵权是危险责任的一种,其构成要件有两个:设备运营对环境产生不良影响进而导致损害;人身、财产受侵害。设备责任的承担不要求设备运营人的过错。设备责任归责采用因果关系推定原则。 相似文献
105.
Release of domestic sewage leads to accumulation of xenoestrogens in holding waters, especially in closed or semi-enclosed waters such as lakes. In the study, the occurrence, distribution, estrogenic activity and risk of eight xenoestreogens were evaluated in Lake Donghu, China. Nonylphenol (NP), octylphenol (OP), and bisphenol A (BPA) were identified as the main xenoestrogens ranging from tens of ng L−1 (in the surface water) or ng g−1 dw (in the suspended particles and sediment) to tens of μg L−1 or μg g−1 dw. The sum of 17β-estradiol equivalents (∑EEQs) ranged from 0.32 to 45.02 ng L−1 in the surface water, 0.53 to 71.86 ng g−1 dw in the suspended particles, and 0.09 to 24.73 ng g−1 dw in the sediment. Diethylstilbestrol (DES) was determined as the main contributor to ∑EEQs followed by NP. The risk assessment showed a higher risk in the surface water than in the suspended particles and sediment in such domestic sewage-holding lake. 相似文献
106.
Concentrations of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 16 phthalate esters (PAEs), eight organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and seven polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in 17 frequently-consumed varieties of vegetables collected from 48 sites in Huizhou were measured. Concentrations of PAHs and PAEs of leafy vegetables were higher than those of gourd and fruit vegetables but it was the opposite for OCPs and PCBs. A questionnaire of 450 local residents on vegetable consumption showed that the total vegetable ingested rates of females and males were 278.80 g person−1 d−1 and 282.92 g person−1 d−1, respectively. The weight-specific daily intakes of pollutants by females were higher than those by males because of differences in body weight. Twenty-seven pollutants were used to assess the potential risk to human health by calculating target hazard quotient (THQ) values. Results showed that the risk to females was higher than for males. OCPs were the major contributors to the risk for both females and males. The main risks were from consumption of eggplant, Chinese lettuce and luffa and were significantly related to the contents of di-nonyl phthalate, β-hexachlorocyclohexane, γ-hexachlorocyclohexane, p,p-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and p,p-dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethane in vegetables. Although the THQ values induced by individual pollutants were relatively low, the total THQ values induced by 27 pollutants were above 1 in some administrative regions of Huizhou, which might give cause for concern. 相似文献
107.
Yanwei Zhang Hongwen Sun Fang Liu Yuanyuan Dai Xuebo Qin Yuefei Ruan Lijie Zhao Zhiwei Gan 《Chemosphere》2013
To interpret the distribution of hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) in various organisms, we measured the concentrations and diastereomer and enantiomer profiles of HBCDs in 21 different species of limnic and marine cohorts from Tianjin, China. The concentration ranges of HBCDs in limnic and marine organisms were 64.3–1111 ng g−1 lw and 85.5–989 ng g−1 lw, respectively. Living habitat and feeding habits had important impacts on HBCD diastereomer distribution. Most of the species appeared to preferentially select (+)-α-, (−)-β- and (−)-γ-HBCD. There is a tendency that the total and α-HBCDs were magnified as trophic level increased with trophic magnification factors (TMFs) around 2. The concentrations of HBCDs in the limnic and marine fishes were highest in the liver, followed by the gill, skin, and muscle. In terrestrial plants, the highest concentrations of HBCDs were observed in the leaf, followed by the root and the rhizosphere soil. Plants showed enantioselectivity for HBCD enantiomers, which varied with plant species and organs (leaf vs. root) of the same plant. Higher estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of HBCDs were observed from fish than from wheat. 相似文献
108.
Yu Dai Hong J. Di Keith C. Cameron Ji-Zheng He 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(12):8680-8689
Methane-oxidizing bacteria (methanotrophs) in the soil are a unique group of methylotrophic bacteria that utilize methane (CH4) as their sole source of carbon and energy which limit the flux of methane to the atmosphere from soils and consume atmospheric methane. A field experiment was conducted to determine the effect of nitrogen application rates and the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (DCD) on the abundance of methanotrophs and on methane flux in a grazed pasture soil. Nitrogen (N) was applied at four different rates, with urea applied at 50 and 100 kg N ha?1 and animal urine at 300 and 600 kg N ha?1. DCD was applied at 10 kg ha?1. The results showed that both the DNA and selected mRNA copy numbers of the methanotroph pmoA gene were not affected by the application of urea, urine or DCD. The methanotroph DNA and mRNA pmoA gene copy numbers were low in this soil, below 7.13?×?103 g?1 soil and 3.75?×?103 μg?1 RNA, respectively. Daily CH4 flux varied slightly among different treatments during the experimental period, ranging from ?12.89 g CH4 ha?1 day?1 to ?0.83 g CH4 ha?1 day?1, but no significant treatment effect was found. This study suggests that the application of urea fertilizer, animal urine returns and the use of the nitrification inhibitor DCD do not significantly affect soil methanotroph abundance or daily CH4 fluxes in grazed grassland soils. 相似文献
109.
特种设备安全工程是安全管理工程的一个分支,也是企业管理工程的一个重要组成部分。特种设备安全工程主要包括承压设备与起重设备安全管理领域所涉及到的设计、制造、使用、维护、检修、监测、事故调查及人员培训教育等方面的内容。特种设备安全状况及特种作业人员的安全技术素质与企业的安全生产密切相关,提高设备本质安全和作业人员的安全意识与安全操作技能是企业安全管理工作中必不可少的内容。 相似文献
110.