成都经济区土壤中HCH和DDT含量及其分布特点

通过对成都经济区土壤中HCH各异构体、DDT及其衍生物的含量及分布特点研究,得出成都经济区土壤中HCH和DDT都有较高的检出率,含量变化幅度也很大,含量较高点主要分布在化工厂附近。对比其他地区研究结果,成都经济区HCH含量较低,DDT含量较高。以西藏地区作为背景值,HCH有一定的污染,DDT污染较为严重。     

改性聚氨酯载体用于高氨氮废水处理的研究

利用聚丁二酰亚胺对聚氨酯泡沫体进行化学改性处理,研究改性载体固定化微生物处理高氨氮模拟废水的效果。结果表明:当聚氨酯单元与聚丁二酰亚胺单元摩尔比为10∶1时,对泡沫进行改性后聚氨酯泡沫载体亲水性能良好,且具有较高的微生物负载量。改性后泡沫体上具有化学活性的官能团增加,有利于通过载体结合法固定化微生物细胞;,改性后的聚氨酯泡沫体作为微生物固定化载体用于模拟废水处理时,对主要污染指标呈现良好的污染物去除效果。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定土壤中铅的不确定度评定

根据实验过程的数学模型,以电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定土壤中铅含量为例,对测定结果进行了不确定度评定。在分析了不确定度的重要来源基础上,对不确定度分量进行计算,并计算出合成不确定度及扩展不确定度。     

基于藻类荧光的毒性测试研究进展

毒性测试以微藻细胞为生物敏感元件,以叶绿素荧光变化为响应指标,在监测水体重金属和农药污染方面,具有检出限低、重复性好等优点。然而,实际水环境中藻类生长受众多因素的影响,此法仅能反应各种污染因子的综合毒性。近几年,众多学者致力于提高微藻生物监测的特异性以确定污染物种类,改善微藻固定技术以适应原位监测。文章介绍了基于微藻荧光的毒性测试研究进展,展望了未来的发展趋势。。     

广州港船舶垃圾接收情况分析

对近十年来广州港船舶垃圾接收资料进行了统计和分析 ,并对如何做好船舶垃圾接收工作提出几点建议     

Annual nonmethane hydrocarbon trends in Beijing from 2000 to 2019

High loads of ground-level ozone have occurred with the implementation of the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan. However, the long temporal variation in precursor nonmethane hydrocarbons(NMHCs) has rarely been studied. In this study, we examined the evolution of NMHCs in Beijing based on ambient measurements from 2000 to 2019. The results indicated that the annual variation of ambient NMHCs during 2000 and 2019 could be divided into two stages. The mixing ratios of NMHCs rapidly r...     

长期定位施肥对土壤生理转化菌群的影响

针对哈尔滨黑土28 a长期定位施肥现状进行土壤生理转化菌群测试分析,采用稀释平板法和MPN法测定不同施肥处理土壤的微生物各生理群的数量.结果表明:施肥处理的土壤微生物多样性指数最高,微生物种类多,群落结构较复杂,同不施肥处理之间的土壤微生物群落结构组成存在显著差异.     

TiO2@palygorskite composite for the efficient remediation of oil spills via a dispersion-photodegradation synergy

• A novel and multi-functional clay-based oil spill remediation system was constructed. • TiO₂@PAL functions as a particulate dispersant to break oil slick into tiny droplets. • Effective dispersion leads to the direct contact of TiO₂ with oil pollutes directly. • TiO₂ loaded on PAL exhibits efficient photodegradation for oil pollutants. • TiO₂@PAL shows a typical dispersion-photocatalysis synergistic remediation. Removing spilled oil from the water surface is critically important given that oil spill accidents are a common occurrence. In this study, TiO₂@Palygorskite composite prepared by a simple coprecipitation method was used for oil spill remediation via a dispersion-photodegradation synergy. Diesel could be efficiently dispersed into small oil droplets by TiO₂@Palygorskite. These dispersed droplets had an average diameter of 20–30 mm and exhibited good time stability. The tight adsorption of TiO₂@Palygorskite on the surface of the droplets was observed in fluorescence and SEM images. As a particulate dispersant, the direct contact of TiO₂@Palygorskite with oil pollutants effectively enhanced the photodegradation efficiency of TiO₂ for oil. During the photodegradation process, •O₂⁻and •OH were detected by ESR and radical trapping experiments. The photodegradation efficiency of diesel by TiO₂@Palygorskite was enhanced by about 5 times compared with pure TiO₂ under simulated sunlight irradiation. The establishment of this new dispersion-photodegradation synergistic remediation system provides a new direction for the development of marine oil spill remediation.     

福建闽江沿岸土壤中多环芳烃含量、来源及健康风险评价

为研究福建省闽江沿岸土壤中多环芳烃(PAHs)的残留状况、潜在来源及健康风险,采集闽江沿岸16个土壤样品,利用气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)分析其中16种PAHs含量,结果表明:研究区土壤中16种PAHs的总含量为70.70~1667.83μg/kg,平均值为480.28μg/kg,其沿闽江沿岸呈“W”型分布模式,具体表现为城市高于郊区的变化;PAHs以2~3环为主,其中萘(Nap)的含量最高.基于PAHs的特征比值和主成分回归结合分析,研究区土壤中PAHs主要是石化和燃烧混合污染源,其中化石燃料高温燃烧占41.45%,石油源及生物质燃烧占49.34%,煤燃烧占9.21%.PAHs总毒性当量浓度值(TEQ_BaP)为3.10~121.15μg/kg,平均值为36.71μg/kg,37.50%的采样点超过荷兰土壤标准目标参考值(33.00μg/kg),表明闽江沿岸土壤已经受到PAHs不同程度的污染.健康风险评价表明,研究区土壤中PAHs的致癌风险(ILCRs)在10^-8~10^-6间,说明其致癌风险较小.     

乙腈和正己烷对环境特征污染物免疫传感分析的影响

利用前期研发的倏逝波全光纤免疫传感系统,使用间接竞争免疫模式对双酚A(bisphenol A,BPA)进行了定量分析,其检测灵敏度可达0.2μg·L~(-1),线性检测区间为0.3~33.4μg·L~(-1).重点考察了乙腈和正己烷两种常用有机溶剂对双酚A免疫传感分析的影响,初步探讨了有机溶剂对免疫传感分析的影响机制.结果表明,正己烷含量高达10%都不会对双酚A免疫传感分析产生明显影响,而乙腈的影响比较大.当乙腈含量较低时,可用于双酚A的定量检测;而当乙腈含量较高时,可完全抑制均相溶液中抗体抗原之间的亲和反应,不能用于双酚A的定量分析.其原因可能是乙腈取代了一部分结合在抗体表面的水分子,导致抗体构象改变或者抗体与抗原的亲和力变化而造成的.