氢气泄漏后燃爆风险研究现状综述

综述了高压氢气泄漏后相关燃爆事故及行为研究现状,总结了泄漏自燃、喷射火、气云爆炸等典型燃爆行为的研究现状、方法及结论,探明了典型氢泄漏后燃爆事故的关键控制参数,提出了现有高压氢气泄漏后燃爆风险实验及数值模拟研究存在的不足,并结合实际氢能场景,从实验尺度、初始条件、边界条件等方面对未来的研究方向进行了展望。     

油田作业废水处理技术研究进展

文章讨论了作业废水的组成与特点,并对近年来钻井废水处理工艺,酸化废水处理工艺,压裂废水处理工艺进行了总结与评述。根据作业废水的处理现状,对未来作业废水的处理技术进行了展望。油田废水处理主要向以下三个方面发展:开发新型处理药剂;建立高效处理工艺流程;从污水源头开始控制。     

丙烯腈诱导的氧化应激对大鼠睾丸NF-κB信号通路的影响

为探索丙烯腈(acrylonitrile,ACN)诱导的氧化应激对大鼠睾丸NF-κB信号通路的影响,将50只SPF级健康SD雄性大鼠按体重随机分为12.5、25、50 mg·kg~(-1)ACN染毒组,50 mg·kg~(-1)ACN+300 mg·kg~(-1)N-乙酰半胱氨酸(N-acetylcysteine,NAC)干预组(NAC干预组),对照组(给予等体积玉米油),每组10只,灌胃,1次/天,6天/周,共90 d。可见光分光光度法检测睾丸组织中超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px)、还原型谷胱甘肽/氧化型谷胱甘肽比值(glutathione/oxidized glutathione,GSH/GSSG)、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)。免疫荧光染色法检测睾丸核因子-κB(nuclear factorκB,NF-κB)激活及核转移。Western Blot检测睾丸p65、IκB蛋白表达。结果显示,低、高剂量染毒组大鼠睾丸GSH/GSSG比值、GSH-Px酶活性与对照组比较降低(P0.05)。中、高剂量染毒组大鼠睾丸MDA含量与对照组比较升高(P0.05)。NAC干预组大鼠睾丸MDA含量与高ACN组比较降低(P0.05);NAC干预组大鼠睾丸GSH/GSSG比值与高ACN组比较升高(P0.05);免疫荧光结果显示,高ACN组大鼠睾丸NF-κB被激活,并转移入细胞核。NAC干预组与高ACN组比较p65蛋白表达及核转移显著减少。Western Blot结果显示,高剂量染毒组大鼠睾丸p65蛋白表达与对照组比较升高(P0.05),IκB蛋白表达与对照组比较降低(P0.05);NAC干预组大鼠睾丸p65蛋白表达与高ACN组比较降低,IκB蛋白表达与高ACN组比较升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结果表明丙烯腈引起的氧化应激激活了大鼠睾丸生殖细胞NF-κB信号通路。     

Development and Testing of 2D Finite Difference Model in Open Channels

This study develops a depth-averaged two-dimensional (2D) numerical model using a finite difference method (FDM) on a staggered grid. The governing equations were solved using the Marker and Cell method that was developed at the Los Alamos laboratories by Harlow and Welch in 1965. In the paper, an explicit FDM was used to solve the governing equations. A first-order approximation was used for the temporal derivative. Second-order central difference approximations were used for space discretization. The time step is limited by the Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy (CFL) condition. The time step used in this study depends on the grid spacing and velocity components in the x- and y-directions. The study is divided into two steps: the first step is to develop a depth-averaged 2D numerical model to simulate the flow process. The second constructs a module to calculate the bed load transport and simulate the river morphology in the areas that have steep slopes, torrents, and mountain rivers. Developed model was applied to the artificial channel and a flood event in the Asungjun River section of the mountainous Yangyang Namdae River (South Korea). General simulation results showed that the developed model was in good agreement with the observed data.     

PBDEs and PCBs in sediments of the Thi Nai Lagoon (Central Vietnam) and soils from its mainland

Concentration and distribution of PCBs, PCB 11, and PBDEs in both surficial sediment and soil samples, taken from a zone subject to recent accelerated development, were investigated to assess the environmental quality and understand both natural and anthropogenic processes that influence contaminant behaviors. Values of PCB and PBDE are in the lower range of those reported in literature, typical of low impacted coastal zones. This could be due to efficient processes of resuspension and removal. Contaminants in the lagoon showed higher concentrations in sediments from sites close to the city and the outfalls of the industrial area, while soils showed maximum values in the northern samples. In addition, congener patterns and statistical analyses suggest the presence of effective degradation processes, especially for PBDEs, with the exception of the most concentrated samples that may indicate a direct input. PCB 11 is a significant component (up to 18%) in most lagoon sediments. Its presence is strongly associated with fine particles, thus the distribution seems to be driven mainly by the system hydrodynamic and does not trace the sources. Due to evaporation, only flooded agricultural soils show a similar relative abundance of this congener.     

Responses of community to the possible use of recycled water for washing machines: A case study in Sydney, Australia

Recycled water is a valuable resource that has potential to free up potable water supplies and recharge systems while improving the environment. Recycled water for washing machine could be one of the options as new end use of recycled water to alleviate the demand on existing and limited water supplies. This paper summarizes the findings of a research survey in Sydney, Australia to explore the attitudes and opinions of community towards the use of recycled water for different purposes, especially for the washing machine. The survey showed that 97% of the respondents were aware of the persisting water shortage problem while more than 60% of the respondents supported the use of recycled water for washing clothes. This paper exposes the basic concern of participants for using recycled water in washing machine. Health issue was found as the most concerns of the community. The survey also presents the further conditions to be considered for using recycled water for washing machine according to the participants’ opinions. Correlation between knowledge and attitudes of respondents was also found in this survey.     

Facile Preparation of Chitosan Films for High Performance Removal of Reactive Blue 19 Dye from Aqueous Solution

This study aimed at finding effective strategies for high-performance removal of reactive blue 19 (RB19) dye from aqueous solution. Chitosan (CS) films had been prepared by using solvent casting with mild drying for this purpose. The CS films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The performance of RB19 removal using CS were evaluated by varying contact time, solution pH, initial dye concentration, and adsorbent dosage. Adsorption isotherms, kinetics, and desorption were investigated by batch experiments. Results showed that CS films exhibited the optimal adsorption performance for RB19 removal and high maximum adsorption capacities of RB19, which were 799 and 822.4 mg g^?1 at 20 and 40 °C, respectively. Adsorption kinetic data were well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. FTIR analyses further indicated that interactions between RB19 and the CS film occurred during adsorption. The CS films also exhibited satisfactory desorption of RB19 at about 80 % after 30 min of desorption at pH 11. Our study demonstrated that the CS films can be easily prepared and applied for effective removal of RB19 in treatment of wastewater.     

New methods of life expectancy estimation

Environmental and Ecological Statistics - Two novel methods of life expectancy estimation, applied to various annual reported demographic datasets, are proposed. First, for datasets that fully...     

长庆油田水处理新技术研究

长庆油房庄油田水经过处理后仍具有较高的矿化度、较多的悬浮物及残留油,同时其SRB严重超标。现场处理水质不稳定,在进行回注时与地层的配伍性较差。针对这些情况,研究了一种新型的水处理工艺技术。对成垢离子调整剂、水质净化剂和成垢离子钝化剂进行了筛选,并对含油污水的成垢离子含量及比例进行了调整。运用这种技术,使油房庄油田水经处理后达到回注水的标准,且提高了与地层的配伍性。同时提出了新型水处理技术的工艺流程。