中和-氧化-絮凝调节法处理硫酸废水

从技术经济角度分析探讨了含砷硫酸生产废水的中和 氧化 絮凝调节法处理工艺的可行性。结果表明 ,处理这类废水 ,所用中和剂和氧化剂分别以废氨水和双氧水为佳 ,并针对废水本身的理化特性进行絮凝调节法深度处理 ,效果明显 ,工艺流程简便可行 ,具有显著的环境和经济效益     

Controlled sintering for cadmium stabilization by beneficially using the dredged river sediment

● Dredged river sediment was proved as a ceramic precursor rather than a solid waste. ● Cd was stabilized in Cd-Al-Si-O phases at low temperatures via sediment addition. ● < 5% of Cd was leached out from sintered products even after a prolonged time. ● A strategy was proposed to simultaneously reuse wastes and stabilize heavy metals. Cd-bearing solid wastes are considered to be a serious threat to the environment, and effective strategies for their treatment are urgently needed. Ceramic sintering has been considered as a promising method for efficiently incorporating heavy metal-containing solid wastes into various ceramic products. Mineral-rich dredged river sediment, especially Al and Si-containing oxides, can be treated as alternative ceramic precursors rather than being disposed of as solid wastes. To examine the feasibility of using waste sediment for Cd stabilization and the phase transition mechanisms, this study conducted a sintering scheme for the mixtures of CdO and dredged river sediment with different (Al+Si):Cd mole ratios. Detailed investigations have been performed on phases transformation, Cd incorporation mechanisms, elemental distribution, and leaching behaviors of the sintered products. Results showed that Cd incorporation and transformation in the sintered products were influenced by the mole ratio of (Al+Si):Cd. Among the high-Cd series ((Al+Si):Cd = 6:1), CdSiO₃, Cd₂SiO₄, CdAl₂(SiO₄)₂ and Cd₂Al₂Si₂O₉ were predominant Cd-containing product phases, while Cd₂Al₂Si₂O₉ was replaced by CdAl₄O₇ when the mole ratio of (Al+Si):Cd was 12:1 (low-Cd series). Cd was efficiently stabilized in both reaction series after being sintered at ≥ 900 °C, with < 5% leached ratio even after a prolonged leaching time, indicating excellent long-term Cd stabilization. This study demonstrated that both Cd-containing phases and the amorphous Al-/Si-containing matrices all played critical roles in Cd stabilization. A promising strategy can be proposed to simultaneously reuse the solid waste as ceramic precursors and stabilize heavy metals in the ceramic products.     

基于神经网络的污水处理指标软测量研究

污水处理厂目前广泛使用序批式活性污泥法.该方法处理污水过程是一种典型的复杂动态生物反应工程系统,具有非线性、时变性、随机性和不确定性等特点,难以建立准确的数学模型.同时,该方法的污水处理指标在线测量仪表价格昂贵.为从工程应用角度将人工神经网络软测量方法应用于污水水质指标的实时检测,分别建立BP神经网络和RBF神经网络污水指标软测量模型.仿真结果表明,建立的神经网络软测量模型能很好地实现污水处理指标的COD、BOD、N等参数的实时测量和估计,为污水指标的实时检测提供了新的思路.     

复合氧化物催化剂用于汽车尾气净化的研究

研制了一系列非贵金属复合氧化物催化剂,测定这些催化剂净化汽车尾气的活性和抗硫、磷、铅及析碳中毒等性能,排出了它们的活性和抗硫中毒的顺序。实验表明,ASC(Re-Mn-Pb-Cu-Cr-A-O_x/Al_2O_3,A助剂)催化剂具有较高的活性及较好的抗硫磷、铅及析碳中毒性能,具有较好的应用前景。     

石灰石和白云石脱硫反应的加压热重分析研究

通过加压热重分析实验研究了石灰石及白云石在加压条件下的脱硫反应,结果表明,在０．８５ＭＰａ和９００℃条件下,４种石灰石及２种白云石脱硫反应转化率均随时间延长而提高,１２０ｍｉｎ时反应率在２３．５％－４２％之间,在１．１５ＭＰａ和７５０－９５０℃范围内,１２０ｍｉｎ反应转化率均随温度提高而大幅度提高,在８６０℃下,１２０ｍｉｎ反庆转化率随压提高有小幅度线性增长,最后探讨了脱硫反应机理。     

Impact of deltamethrin on the endophytic fungal community of a Chinese cabbage,Brassica chinensis

Endophytic fungi, being closely associated with their host plants, are an important part of the ecosystem and food web. In modern agriculture, pesticides are widely used. The impact of pesticides on the endophytic fungal community of crops remains poorly understood. In this paper, Chinese cabbage Brassica chinensis, a popular leafy vegetable consumed worldwide, was selected for evaluating the potential effects of a pesticide, deltamethrin, on the endophytic fungal community. By culture method, 195 endophytic fungal strains classified into 39 taxa and 186 strains classified into 30 taxa, respectively, were isolated from the pesticide-treated and untreated B. chinensis samples. Sirodesmium spp. were the predominant endophytic fungi from both samples. The colonisation rates of endophytic fungi of the treated and the untreated samples were not significantly different, as determined by one-way analysis of variance (p?>?.05). The Shannon diversity indexes (H′) were close, being 2.216 and 2.152, respectively. However, the endophyte compositions of the treated and the untreated samples were significantly different (p?B. chinensis.     

利用含砷氧化锌尘制备活性氧化锌

用NH3-（NH4）2SO4溶液浸取处理含砷氧化锌尘,可彻底清除砷,制备出合格的活性氧化锌。对于含砷质量分类为1%-2%的原料,产品中所含砷质量分数可降至0.0005%以下。该方法具有除砷彻底,不易产生二次污染的优点,为含砷氧化锌尘的综合利用提供了一种新方法。     

TiO2光催化氧化十二烷基苯磺酸钠

家用或工业用表面活性剂的排放是河流、湖泊和海洋的主要污染源之一,其中十二烷基苯磺酸钠比较具有代表性.用TiO2光催化其降解具有无毒、快速、矿化彻底、操作成本低、催化剂价廉易得、无二次污染等优点,应用前景广阔.本文就该反应的机理、反应动力学以及影响反应的因素作了简要概述.     

Lead in paddy soils and rice plants and its potential health risk around Lechang lead/zinc mine, Guangdong, China

As part of a project on phytoextraction of lead (Pb) in paddy soils around a lead/zinc (Pb/Zn) Mine in Lechang of Guangdong Province, South China, the concentration distribution of Pb in paddy soil-rice system was investigated, and its potential health risk to animal/human was evaluated. Total and diethylenetetraminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)-extractable Pb in soils averaged 1486 and 268 microg/g, respectively. According to sequential extraction procedure, soil Pb occurred primarily in the residual, carbonate and exchangeable fractions (30.2%, 26.7% and 19.1%, respectively). Lead extracted by the gastric juice simulation test (GJST) was 1068 microg/g and accounted for 75.4% of the total concentration. Mean Pb concentrations of 419 microg/g in rice root, 69.1 microg/g in whole straw, 51.0 microg/g in part straw (without two leaves near above the root), 44.9 microg/g in stalk, 21.9 microg/g in hull, 13.2 microg/g in grain with hull and 4.67microg/g in grain without hull (namely, unpolished rice) were found. Lead concentrations in both soil and rice plant were far above the corresponding tolerable levels. Lead daily intakes by local residents were 2.6 mg for adults and 1.2 mg for children, which were much higher than the allowable level. Thus, Pb in this area might pose a potential health risk to the local population.