花垣河锰污染及其成因分析

对花垣河河水中8个监测断面（S1-S8）水样和堆积在河岸附近MnSO4废渣及其浸出液中Mn、Cd、Pb、Cu和Zn等5种重金属元素的总量进行了分析。结果表明,花垣河河水中Mn和Cd质量浓度超过《地表水环境质量标准》（GB3838—2002）V类水体标准;MnSO4废渣浸出液中Cd超过《危险废物鉴别标准》（GB5058．3—1996）规定值。将花垣河河水中Mn、Cd、Pb、Cu和Zn的含量与MnSO4废渣浸出液中相应的元素含量进行相关性分析,r=0．957（P〈0．01）,表明堆积在花垣河河岸附近MnSO4废渣是可能造成花垣河污染的主要来源。     

Dissipation and residue of MCPA (4-chloro-2-ethylphenoxyacetate) in wheat and soil

A rapid and simple HPLC method has been developed for the quantitation of 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) in both wheat and soil samples. Samples were extracted in acidic media and cleaned up by solid-phase extraction with C(18) cartridges before HPLC-DAD detection. The limits of detection and quantification of MCPA were 0.02 ng and 0.01 mg/kg for both wheat and soil. The mean recoveries ranged from 87.1% to 98.2%, and the RSDs ranged from 0.604% to 3.44% for the three spiked levels (0.01, 0.1, 0.5 mg/kg). The proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of MCPA residues in wheat and soil samples from an experimental field. The dissipation half-lives in soil were calculated to be 3.22 days (Beijing) and 3.10 days (Tianjin), respectively. Direct confirmation of the analytes in real samples was achieved by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results indicated that at harvest time, the residues of MCPA in wheat were well below the maximum residue levels and were safe to apply in wheat.     

南京某地甲苯槽罐车燃烧事故应急监测案例分析与思考

突发性环境污染事故不仅破坏生态环境,制约社会发展,更威胁人类健康.环保部门如何加强应急监测能力建设,科学合理地处理应急监测中出现的问题,显得尤为重要.对一起突发性环境污染事故应急监测各个环节的优缺点进行了分析和思考,总结经验并提出建议,为同类突发环境污染事故的应急监测提供借鉴.     

新常态下环境监测的机遇和挑战

阐述了当前环境监测的现状,指出了新常态下环境监测的机遇和挑战,提出了环境监测要抓住机遇,面对挑战,充分发挥职能,保证环境监测数据真实,完善环境监测体系,深度运用环境监测数据,实行信息公开。     

Natural and anthropogenic factors affecting the shallow groundwater quality in a typical irrigation area with reclaimed water,North China Plain

In this study, the hydrochemical characteristics of shallow groundwater were analyzed to get insight into the factors affecting groundwater quality in a typical agricultural dominated area of the North China Plain. Forty-four shallow groundwater samples were collected for chemical analysis. The water type changes from Ca·Na-HCO₃ type in grass land to Ca·Na-Cl (+NO₃) type and Na (Ca)-Cl (+NO₃+SO₄) type in construction and facility agricultural land, indicating the influence of human activities. The factor analysis and geostatistical analysis revealed that the two major factors contributing to the groundwater hydrochemical compositions were the water-rock interaction and contamination from sewage discharge and agricultural fertilizers. The major ions (F, HCO₃) and trace element (As) in the shallow groundwater represented the natural origin, while the nitrate and sulfate concentrations were related to the application of fertilizer and sewage discharge in the facility agricultural area, which was mainly affected by the human activities. The values of pH, total dissolved solids, electric conductivity, and conventional component (K, Ca, Na, Mg, Cl) in shallow groundwater increased from grass land and cultivated land, to construction land and to facility agriculture which were originated from the combination sources of natural processes (e.g., water-rock interaction) and human activities (e.g., domestic effluents). The study indicated that both natural processes and human activities had influences on the groundwater hydrochemical compositions in shallow groundwater, while anthropogenic processes had more contribution, especially in the reclaimed water irrigation area.     

扬水曝气器的水质改善功能及提水、充氧性能研究

扬水曝气器是水源水质改善设备,应用于湖泊水库水源地,抑制藻类生长,控制底泥污染物释放,取得了良好的效果.建立了扬水曝气器上升流速数学模型,用于模拟计算扬水曝气器的提水能力.建立了扬水曝气器曝气室的充氧能力数学模型.在实验室实测了扬水曝气器上升流速及其对水体的充氧过程,实测值与模拟计算值吻合较好,验证了提水、充氧能力数学模型.     

培养基种类和培养条件对白腐真菌生长和产酶特性的影响

以白腐真菌(Phanerochaete chrysosporium)为研究对象,比较了该菌种在人工合成培养基和天然培养基中的生长和产酶特性,考察了竹子浸出液,pH,载体和抗生素等对白腐真菌在天然培养基中生长和产酶特性的影响.结果表明,天然培养基中白腐真菌的生物量、菌丝小球直径和木质素过氧化物酶(LiP)活性均大于人工培养基.以天然培养基为基础培养基,加入竹子浸出液可以促进白腐真菌的生长和提高木质素过氧化物酶活性;较低pH(4.5)条件下菌丝小球直径较小;载体的加入使得菌体以附着形式生长;抗生素两性霉素B对白腐真菌的生长和产酶的影响存在阈值,当ρ(两性霉素B)超过50　mg/L时,白腐真菌的生长和产酶受到明显的抑制.      

壳聚糖改性凹凸棒土对重金属离子的吸附

采用浸渍法将壳聚糖负载在凹凸棒土上,制备了改性的凹凸棒土。用该吸附剂吸附溶液中Pb^2＋,Cd^2＋的实验结果表明：未负载壳聚糖时,凹凸棒土对Cd^2＋的吸附率为55%;当负载壳聚糖的质量分数为0.04时,凹凸棒土对Cd^2＋的吸附率达最大值（为91%）,对Pb2＋的吸附率也达最大值（为75%）。其吸附行为符合Langmuir等温吸附方程和Freundlich等温吸附方程。该吸附剂可重复使用。     

酸析-Fenton试剂氧化-混凝法处理制浆废水

用酸析-Fenton试剂氧化-混凝法对自偶氧化清洁制浆废水进行预处理,考察了各种因素对处理效果的影响。最佳处理条件：酸析时的废水pH为3．0;酸析后上层清液无需调节pH,加水稀释至COD为2000mg／L后进行Fenton试剂氧化,H2O2加入量为84．56mmol／L,FeS04加入量为8．44mmol／L,反应时间60min;混凝时Ca（OH）：加入量为2g／L。最终出水的COD为577．20mg／L（COD去除率为71．14％）,色度为36倍,pH为8．60。     

水解酸化-SBR工艺处理饮料生产废水

介绍了水解酸化+SBR工艺处理饮料生产废水的工艺设计和运行效果。该工艺具有处理效果好、低能耗、易管理等特点。在进水CODCr为2000～4000mg/L,BOD5为1000～2000mg/L的条件下,经过该系统处理,出水CODCr保持在130mg/L以下,BOD5保持在25mg/L以下,出水水质达到(GB8978-1996)《中华人民共和国国家标准污水综合排放标准》的Ⅱ级标准。