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31.
Andrea Gaion Alice Scuderi David Pellegrini Davide Sartori 《Chemistry and Ecology》2013,29(7):653-659
In marine ecosystems, benthic organisms are really important because they are the first step in the transfer of contaminants from environment to biota. To this end, this study focused on biological assays with the amphipod Corophium orientale exposed to two different molecules of arsenic: arsenate (AsV), the most abundant form in sediments, and dimethyl-arsinate (DMA), expected to be moderately toxic as an intermediate in the process of detoxification. The toxicity of arsenic compounds was measured after exposure to three different matrices: water, spiked natural sediment and inert spiked quartz sand. LC50 values were calculated for each exposure, and the results confirmed the highest toxicity of AsV, in addition to underlining the importance of matrix of exposure. Water exposure was the matrix which presented the highest toxicity for inorganic arsenic (AsV LC50=3.51 mg L?1 vs DMA LC50=54.65 mg L?1), spiked natural sediment demonstrated its capability to chelate arsenate toxicity (AsV LC50=34.27 mg kg?1 vs. DMA LC50=52.19 mg kg?1) and spiked quartz sand presented intermediate values for AsV (LC50=25.26 mg kg?1), whereas for DMA a lower toxicity was registered (LC50=872.35 mg kg?1). This study can provide some useful data linked with chemical speciation of arsenic and exposure matrix, for improving the correct management of contaminated sediment. 相似文献
32.
Matteo Zavalloni Meri Raggi Stefano Targetti Davide Viaggi 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2015,58(12):2159-2175
Conservation and enhancement of ecosystem services have become a priority of rural policies. Feedback loops from rural policies on ecosystem service supply have often been highlighted in the literature, but only vaguely investigated. In this paper, we model feedback loops from rural policies through an agent-based model, and we analyse whether feedback loops can indirectly create a system in which voluntarily landscape enhancement emerges from the interactions between farmers and rural tourists. The results suggest that, in certain conditions, feedback loops from policies can be a relevant element to take into account, but that greater attention to the ecosystem service demand is required. 相似文献
33.
Rosa Manrique Davide Viaggi Meri Raggi 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2015,58(12):2137-2158
Linking landscapes to socio-economic benefits necessarily requires considering the usability of landscape structure. To do so, however, depends on the interaction between users and producers of landscape-related services. We illustrate this interaction with a Bayesian Belief Network (BBN) in a case study analysing the connection between residents' perceptions of landscape structure and agritourism restaurants in the eastern lowlands of Ferrara (Italy). We use estimates of prior and conditional probabilities from a mix of different data: land use, survey data, regional statistics, and expert judgements to show the likely effects of the landscape structure on the local economy by using intermediate forms of services (i.e. second-order services). The second-order service is highly influenced by the agritourism density and by the frequency with which customers dine at agritourism restaurants and less by landscape attractiveness, confirming the importance of the supply and demand of second-order services in the provision of landscape-related services. 相似文献
34.
Lab-scale tests were set up to investigate different options for achieving sustainability by reducing long-term landfill emissions. The options which have been studied and compared with the traditional anaerobic landfill for unprocessed refuse were: mechanical-biological pretreatment, landfill aeration with forced and with natural advective air flow (semi-aerobic), flushing. Combination of different options have been experimented. The combination of mechanical-biological Pretreatment, Aeration by the semi-aerobic method and Flushing (PAF model) seems to synergize the advantages of the individual options. The research is ongoing and further studies are necessary in order to assess the full-scale applicability of the model. 相似文献
35.
Carubelli G Fanelli R Mariani G Nichetti S Crosa G Calamari D Fattore E 《Chemosphere》2007,68(9):1630-1635
Food consumption is by far the main exposure route for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) for the general population, and fish and fishery products seem to be the main contributors to the total dietary intake of these pollutants. In recent years some investigations have suggested that farmed fish may be more significantly contaminated than wild fish, because of polluted feed. This study measured the levels of PCBs in wild and farmed sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.), one of the most valuable and popular fish in the Italian diet, and assessed the exposure to these pollutants through fish intake. Concentrations of summation operator (Sigma59PCBs) and dioxin-like PCBs (DL-PCBs), as toxic equivalency (TEQ), in fish samples, ranged from 2.2 to 32ngg(-1) and from 0.1 to 4.0pg TEQ((2006) DL-PCBs)g(-1) whole weight, respectively. Farmed sea bass were as average two times more contaminated. Even if the concentrations of DL-PCBs were below the regulation limits, intake of these compounds from nine fish meals per month can in itself exceed the WHO Provisional Tolerable Monthly Intake (PTMI). 相似文献
36.
37.
Minero C Maurino V Pelizzetti E Vione D 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2006,13(4):212-214
The Hammett approach, applied to the reaction of various classes of aromatic compounds with the radicals Cl2-*, Br2-*, *NO2, SO3-*, and SO4-* yielded good predictive models, supported by high values of the correlation coefficient r2 in the case of phenols with Cl2-* and of phenolates with *NO2 and SO3-*. Lower but statistically significant correlation coefficients could be obtained for benzoates with Cl2-*, phenolates with Br2-*, and benzoates and anisoles with SO4-*. 相似文献
38.
Fabio Gosetti Michela Bottaro Valentina Gianotti Eleonora Mazzucco Paolo Frascarolo Davide Zampieri Caterina Oliveri Aldo Viarengo Maria Carla Gennaro 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(2):592-146
This paper studies the degradation reactions that 4-chloroaniline can naturally undergo in waters for the action of sun light. 10.00 mg L−1 4-chloroaniline aqueous solution, without any addition of organic solvent, are undergone to photoirradiation under conditions that simulate sun light. The degradation pathway, followed by HPLC-DAD-MS/MS methods, is complex since the pollutant gives rise to many photoproducts: the predominant species are characterized by m/z values of 217 (P5) and 218 (P6) and are compatible with dimeric structures of 4-chloroaniline. Vibrio fischeri tests indicate that the photoproducts of 4-chloroaniline are characterized by a toxicity level significantly greater than the precursor. 相似文献
39.
Luciana Migliore Stefania Paola De Filippis Davide Barchi Nicolino Rubattu 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(1):129-134
Animal wastes from intensive pig farming as fertilizers may expose crops to antimicrobials. Zea mays cultivations were carried out on a virgin field, subjected to dressing with pig slurries contaminated at 15 mg L−1 of Oxy- and 5 mg L−1 of Chlor-tetracycline, and at 8 mg L−1 of Oxy and 3 mg L−1 of Chlor, respectively. Pot cultivation was performed outdoor (Oxy in the range 62.5-1000 ng g−1 dry soil) and plants harvested after 45 days. Tetracyclines analyses on soils and on field plants (roots, stalks, and leaves) did not determine the appreciable presence of tetracyclines. Residues were found in the 45-day pot corn only, in the range of 1-50 ng g−1 for Oxy in roots, accounting for a 5% carry-over rate, on average. Although no detectable residues in plants from on land cultivations, both experimental batches showed the same biphasic growth form corresponding to a dose/response hormetic curve. 相似文献
40.
Davide Vione Valter Maurino Claudio Minero 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(20):11614-11622
Photosensitised reactions can produce compounds that closely resemble the humic-like substances (HULIS) occurring in atmospheric aerosols. The relevant processes have been observed in the laboratory, in both gas–solid systems and the aqueous phase. They involve triplet sensitisers (such as benzophenones, anthraquinones and nitroaromatic compounds, which yield reactive triplet states after sunlight absorption) or photogenerated oxidants like ?OH, in the presence of substrates that undergo oligomerisation reactions upon oxidation. Formation of higher molecular weight compounds, modification of the wettability properties of organic films and photoproduction of substances with humic-like fluorescence properties have been observed as a consequence of the photosensitised reactions. Ozone plays an important but still not completely clear role in gas–solid systems. 相似文献