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31.
32.
本文作者主要研究了腐殖酸对聚乙烯吡咯烷酮包覆的纳米银颗粒(polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated AgNPs)毒性的影响,受试生物涵盖了水生系统不同的营养级别,包括藻类(Raphidocelis subcapitata)、水蚤类(Chydorus sphaericus)以及淡水鱼类(Danio rerio)。结果显示,腐殖酸可降低AgNPs对本研究中所有水生生物的毒性,并具有明显的剂量效应关系。原因为:1)腐殖酸使AgNPs表面带有更多负电荷,这阻碍了AgNPs与藻细胞的接触,使毒性降低;2)腐殖酸抑制了AgNPs中Ag+的溶出,而本研究显示自由Ag+的毒性高于团聚的纳米银颗粒。
精选自Zhuang Wang, Joris T.K. Quik, Lan Song, Evert-Jan Van Den Brandhof, Marja Wouterse and Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg. Humic substances alleviate the aquatic toxicity of polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated silver nanoparticles to organisms of different trophic levels. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry: Volume 34, Issue 6, pages 1239–1245, June 2015.
DOI: 10.1002/etc.2936
详情请见http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/etc.2936/full 相似文献
33.
34.
Christian Mulder Henri A. Den Hollander J. Arie Vonk Axel G. Rossberg Gerard A. J. M. Jagers op Akkerhuis Gregor W. Yeates 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2009,96(7):813-826
The large range of body-mass values of soil organisms provides a tool to assess the ecological organization of soil communities.
The goal of this paper is to identify graphical and quantitative indicators of soil community composition and ecosystem functioning,
and to illustrate their application to real soil food webs. The relationships between log-transformed mass and abundance of
soil organisms in 20 Dutch meadows and heathlands were investigated. Using principles of allometry, maximal use can be made
of ecological theory to build and explain food webs. The aggregate contribution of small invertebrates such as nematodes to
the entire community is high under low soil phosphorus content and causes shifts in the mass–abundance relationships and in
the trophic structures. We show for the first time that the average of the trophic link lengths is a reliable predictor for
assessing soil fertility responses. Ordered trophic link pairs suggest a self-organizing structure of food webs according
to resource availability and can predict environmental shifts in ecologically meaningful ways.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to all users. 相似文献
35.
本文作者主要研究了腐殖酸对聚乙烯吡咯烷酮包覆的纳米银颗粒(polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated AgNPs)毒性的影响,受试生物涵盖了水生系统不同的营养级别,包括藻类(Raphidocelis subcapitata)、水蚤类(Chydorus sphaericus)以及淡水鱼类(Danio rerio)。结果显示,腐殖酸可降低AgNPs对本研究中所有水生生物的毒性,并具有明显的剂量效应关系。原因为:1)腐殖酸使AgNPs表面带有更多负电荷,这阻碍了AgNPs与藻细胞的接触,使毒性降低;2)腐殖酸抑制了AgNPs中Ag+的溶出,而本研究显示自由Ag+的毒性高于团聚的纳米银颗粒。
精选自Zhuang Wang, Joris T.K. Quik, Lan Song, Evert-Jan Van Den Brandhof, Marja Wouterse and Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg. Humic substances alleviate the aquatic toxicity of polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated silver nanoparticles to organisms of different trophic levels. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry: Volume 34, Issue 6, pages 1239–1245, June 2015.
DOI: 10.1002/etc.2936
详情请见http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/etc.2936/full 相似文献
36.
云贵川草地是中国草地的重要组成部分,在我国生态文明建设和响应全球气候变化中具有重要的地位,分析其净初级生产力(NPP)变化格局具有重要意义。利用研究区的AVHRR、MODIS遥感影像等数据及周边地区的气象资料,结合改进的CASA模型,对云贵川地区草地1996~2015年20 a间的NPP及草地植被相关生态特征进行估算,并对其时空特征及影响因素进行分析。结果表明:(1)20 a间云贵川草地NDVI值变化规律性明显,97.18%的草地面积年平均NDVImax呈现增加趋势。(2)20 a间云贵川草地NPP总体上呈现出“西北低、西南高、东部居中”的空间格局,年均NPP值为420.85 gC·m-2。 (3)时间格局上,20 a间整个云贵川区域逐年平均NPP值虽然有一定的波动性,但仍以7.2322 gC·m-2·a-1的速率在增加。20 a间夏季NPP平均值最高,为160.25 gC·m-2;春季次之,NPP平均值为
109.10 gC·m-2;秋季与春季相比,NPP值稍低,为106.10 gC·m-2;冬季最低,为54.03 gC·m-2。 相似文献
37.
Den Boychuk W. John Braun Reg J. Kulperger Zinovi L. Krougly David A. Stanford 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2009,16(2):133-151
We consider a stochastic fire growth model, with the aim of predicting the behaviour of large forest fires. Such a model can
describe not only average growth, but also the variability of the growth. Implementing such a model in a computing environment
allows one to obtain probability contour plots, burn size distributions, and distributions of time to specified events. Such
a model also allows the incorporation of a stochastic spotting mechanism.
相似文献
Reg J. KulpergerEmail: |
38.
Penguin colonies as secondary sources of contamination with persistent organic pollutants 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Roosens L Van Den Brink N Riddle M Blust R Neels H Covaci A 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2007,9(8):822-825
Although long-range atmospheric transport has been described as the predominant mechanism for exposing polar regions to persistent organic pollutants (POPs), recent studies have suggested that bird activity can also contribute substantially to contaminant levels in some environments. However, because the species so far reported have all been migratory, it has not been demonstrated conclusively whether locally elevated contamination represents transport from lower latitudes by the migrating birds or, alternatively, redistribution and concentration of contaminants that were already present in the high-latitude environments. The present study demonstrates, for the first time, that several POPs are present in elevated concentrations in an environment frequented by a non-migratory species (Adélie penguins) that spends its entire life in the Antarctic. Levels of POPs, such as p,p'-DDE, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), chlordanes (CHLs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), were 10 to 100-fold higher in soil samples from penguin colonies than from reference areas. This significant difference is likely related to local penguin activity, such as a higher abundance of guano and the presence of bird carcasses. This hypothesis is also supported by a higher percentage of persistent congeners (PCB 99, 118, 138 and 153) in the soil from the colonies compared to the reference areas. This profile of PCB congeners closely matched profiles seen in penguin eggs or penguin blood. 相似文献
39.