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51.
为了解重庆市九龙坡区城区和城郊大气污染物浓度特征,分析了城区和城郊国控空气站点2014年3月~2015年2月典型污染物的浓度变化。结果表明,除O_3表现出夏高冬低的季节变化趋势外,其它污染物均表现出冬高夏低的季节变化趋势。PM_(2.5)污染最严重,城区和郊区日均值超标率分别为31.4%和33.4%。城区和城郊的PM_(2.5)浓度之间没有显著性差异(p0.05),城郊O_3浓度显著高于城区(p0.01),NO_2、SO_2、CO和PM_(10)则是城区显著高于城郊(p0.01)。 相似文献
52.
传统节水调节器使用半自动机械控制,能够实现部分水资源节约,但在新疆等温度交替变化明显地区,无法根据温度变化情况实现自动控制节水调节,从而造成部分水资源浪费。为此提出基于环境温度传感的节水调节器设计。采用concise结构设计,在阻挠蝶板上增加环境温度传感装置,依托沿程阻力系数判定温度传感器节水调节系数ξ,通过不同ξ值的反馈,针对性的采取相应调节措施;使用调节Accurate检验机制,对温度变化幅度k进行测定,确定调节幅度有效取值,完成节水调节器的自动调节控制,实现基于环境温度传感的节水调节器设计。 相似文献
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55.
Gu B Watson DB Wu L Phillips DH White DC Zhou J 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2002,77(3):293-309
Zero-valent iron (Fe0)-based permeable reactive barriertreatment has been generating great interest for passivegroundwater remediation, yet few studies have paid particularattention to the microbial activity and characteristics withinand in the vicinity of the Fe0-barrier matrix. The presentstudy was undertaken to evaluate the microbial population andcommunity composition in the reducing zone of influence byFe0 corrosion in the barrier at the Oak Ridge Y-12 Plantsite. Both phospholipid fatty acids and DNA analyses were usedto determine the total microbial population and microbialfunctional groups, including sulfate-reducing bacteria,denitrifying bacteria, and methanogens, in groundwater andsoil/iron core samples. A diverse microbial community wasidentified in the strongly reducing Fe0 environment despitea relatively high pH condition within the Fe0 barrier (up topH 10). In comparison with those found in the backgroundsoil/groundwater samples, the enhanced microbial populationranged from 1 to 3 orders of magnitude and appeared to increase from upgradient of the barrier to downgradient soil. Inaddition, microbial community composition appeared to change overtime, and the bacterial types of microorganismsincreased consistently as the barrier aged. DNA analysisindicated the presence of sulfate-reducing and denitrifyingbacteria in the barrier and its surrounding soil. However, theactivity of methanogens was found to be relatively low,presumably as a result of the competition by sulfate/metal-reducing bacteria and denitrifying bacteria because of the unlimited availability of sulfate and nitrate in the site groundwater. Results of this study provide evidenceof a diverse microbial population within and in the vicinity ofthe iron barrier, although the important roles of microbial activity, either beneficially or detrimentally, on the longevityand enduring efficiency of the Fe0 barriers are yet to be evaluated. 相似文献
56.
对螯合树脂在线富集,火焰原子吸收光度法进行了条件试验。试验证实方法对Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd4个元素检出浓度可达μg/L级,校准曲线性、样品重现性及准确度可满足测定要求。 相似文献
57.
基于B-P神经网络的环境质量评价方法 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
提出可将环境质量评价的无论是定量指标还是定性参数转化成"二进制"的"1"或"0",进而将这种二进制数引入B-P网络.通过实例探讨,这种新的B-P网络既适用于定量指标的水质参数又适用于定性指标的水质参数. 相似文献
58.
Sommar J Feng X Gårdfeldt K Lindqvist O 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》1999,1(5):435-439
Although it makes up only a few per cent. of total gaseous mercury (TGM) in the atmosphere, the fraction of oxidised (divalent) mercury plays a major role in the biogeochemical cycle of mercury due to its high affinity for water and surfaces. Quantitative knowledge of this fraction present in mixing ratios in the parts-per-10(15) (ppq) range is currently very scarce. This work is based on approximately 220 data for divalent gaseous mercury (DGM) collected during 1995-99 in ambient air. Over the course of the measurements, the sampling and analytical methods were modified and improved. This is described here in detail and includes transition from wet leaching and reduction procedures to thermo-reductive desorption, the use of annular as well as tubular denuders and adoption of an automated sampling system. The concentration of DGM exhibited a strong seasonal behaviour in contrast to atomic gaseous mercury, with low values in winter and maximum values in summer. The DGM/TGM ratios were frequently found to be below the detection limit (< or = 1%) and in the range 1-5%. A trend of diurnal DGM patterns was observed and implies photolytically induced sources. Scavenging of DGM during rain events was also noticed. 相似文献
59.
Thin-film technique is becoming an industry standard for the preparation of TiO2-based photocatalyst for organic destruction. The catalyst provides several advantages over the conventional powder TiO2 in the treatment of wastewater and groundwater. In this study, a continuous stir flow reactor model is developed capable of describing the photocatalytic process. The model incorporates the following fundamental mechanisms: adsorption, diffusion, liquid-film transfer, UV attenuation, and photocatalytic reaction. All of the simulation results indicate that there exists a highly nonlinear relation between each of these parameters and the destruction rate. Various incident light intensities also are incorporated to simulate the energy efficiency. The simulations illustrate that the photocatalytic model can be used to elucidate the effect of process variables. It is also possible to “custom-design” a catalyst for the treatment of a particular waste stream. 相似文献
60.
为修复灌区内土壤有机氯农药污染,降低六氯环己烷对土壤环境的危害,对内蒙古某灌域表层土壤进行采样,利用气相色谱测定50个土壤样品中六氯环己烷及其异构体的含量,并利用ArcGIS空间分析技术确定表层土壤中六氯环己烷的分布状况。样本中六氯环己烷的检出率为96%,各样本中六氯环己烷的浓度范围为未检出~23.0 ng/g,平均浓度为4.4 ng/g。4种异构体含量平均值顺序为γ-六氯环己烷>δ-六氯环己烷>β-六氯环己烷>α-六氯环己烷。灌域东北部和西南部残留浓度较高,并由这2个方向向中部地区逐渐递减,表层土壤中的六氯环己烷分布受土壤黏粒量、不同种植种类和灌溉水源的影响较大。虽受人类耕作的影响,但表层土壤中的六氯环己烷污染水平相对较低。 相似文献