Selective sorption of perfluorooctane sulfonate on molecularly imprinted polymer adsorbents

Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), as a potential persistent organic pollutant, has been widely detected in water environments, and has become a great concern in recent years. PFOS is very stable and difficult to decompose using conventional techniques. Sorption may be an attractive method to remove it from water. In this study, the molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) adsorbents were prepared through the polymerization of 4-vinylpyridine under different preparation conditions in order to remove perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) from water. The MIP adsorbents using perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) as the template had good imprinting effects and could selectively remove PFOS from aqueous solution. The sorption behaviors including sorption kinetics, isotherms, and effect of pH, salt, and competitive anions were investigated. Experimental results showed that the sorption of PFOS on the MIP adsorbents was very fast, pH-dependent, and highly selective. The achieved fast sorption equilibrium within 1 h was attributed to the surface sorption on the fine adsorbents. The sorption isotherms showed that the sorption selectivity of PFOS on the MIP adsorbents decreased at high PFOS concentrations, which may be due to the double-layer sorption and the formation of PFOS micelles on the sorbent surface. The sorption of PFOS on the MIP adsorbents was mainly dominated by the electrostatic interaction between the protonated vinylpyridine on the adsorbent surface and the anionic PFOS. The prepared MIP adsorbents can potentially be applied in water and wastewater treatment for selective removal of PFOS.     

徒骇河沉积物和沿岸土壤对磷酸盐的吸附动力研究

通过实验模拟的方法,研究了徒骇河沉积物和沿岸土壤对磷酸盐的吸附作用,发现二者均具有较强的对磷酸盐的吸附作用,沉积物的吸附作用强于土壤,沉积物在2h内即可达到吸附平衡,土壤在12h内达到平衡;在中等扰动条件下,随着磷酸盐浓度的上升,沉积物和土壤的磷酸盐吸附容量均明显增加,沉积物的吸附容量大于土壤,这种吸附能力对徒骇河水体的磷酸盐缓冲作用起着积极的作用;徒骇河沉积物和沿岸土壤对磷酸盐的吸附等温曲线符合Langmuir等温吸附方程。     

活塞式压缩机的降噪治理

对天然气活塞式压缩机产生噪声的原因进行了分析,依据噪声产生机理,提出了相应的治理措施和对策,经过治理,达到了GB12348-90《工业企业厂界噪声标准》Ⅱ级标准,减少了噪声危害;保证了设备的正常操作及维护。     

污染源在线监控设施市场化运营之思考

社会化运营是污染源在线监控系统发挥应用价值的基础,国内在线监控设施社会化运营以市场化运营、统一运营和特许经营三种模式为主流,比较三种模式的优势和劣势,形成的结论是大部分城市因缺少相对宽松的政策环境,只能选择市场化运营模式。结合南京市管理实践,着重分析污染源在线监控设施市场化运营所面临的问题,提出了解决设想。     

高铁酸钾处理废水中硝基苯的研究

本实验以高铁酸钾为水处理剂,对其在废水中的硝基苯的去除进行了研究,考察了高铁酸钾的用量、pH值、反应时间及硝基苯的初始浓度四个影响因素对硝基苯去除率的影响,最终确定了高铁酸钾去除硝基苯的最佳反应条件为：初始pH值为9,高铁酸钾与硝基苯的摩尔比为10：1,反应时间30min,初始浓度小于254．5mg/L时,硝基苯的去除率最佳,达到到6．2％。     

Compositions and sources of organic acids in fine particles (PM2.5) over the Pearl River Delta region, south China

Organic acids as important constituents of organic aerosols not only influence the aerosols' hygroscopic property, but also enhance the formation of new particles and secondary organic aerosols. This study reported organic acids including C14–C32fatty acids, C4–C9dicarboxylic acids and aromatic acids in PM2.5collected during winter 2009 at six typical urban, suburban and rural sites in the Pearl River Delta region. Averaged concentrations of C14–C32fatty acids, aromatic acids and C4– C9 dicarboxylic acids were 157, 72.5 and 50.7 ng/m3, respectively. They totally accounted for 1.7% of measured organic carbon. C20–C32fatty acids mainly deriving from higher plant wax showed the highest concentration at the upwind rural site with more vegetation around, while C14–C18fatty acids were more abundant at urban and suburban sites, and dicarboxylic acids and aromatic acids except 1,4-phthalic acid peaked at the downwind rural site. Succinic and azelaic acid were the most abundant among C4–C9dicarboxylic acids, and 1,2-phthalic and 1,4-phthalic acid were dominant aromatic acids. Dicarboxylic acids and aromatic acids exhibited significant mutual correlations except for 1,4-phthalic acid, which was probably primarily emitted from combustion of solid wastes containing polyethylene terephthalate plastics. Spatial patterns and correlations with typical source tracers suggested that C14–C32fatty acids were mainly primary while dicarboxylic and aromatic acids were largely secondary. Principal component analysis resolved six sources including biomass burning, natural higher plant wax, two mixed anthropogenic and two secondary sources; further multiple linear regression revealed their contributions to individual organic acids. It turned out that more than 70% of C14–C18fatty acids were attributed to anthropogenic sources, about 50%–85% of the C20–C32fatty acids were attributed to natural sources, 80%–95% of dicarboxylic acids and 1,2-phthalic acid were secondary in contrast with that 81% of 1,4-phthalic acid was primary.     

规划环境影响评价中公众参与探讨研究

公众参与作为规划环境影响评价的重要组成部分,具有重要的作用和意义。公众参与可以提高规划环境影响评价的有效性、提高规划的合理性及环保性。结合规划环评的应用实例,归纳了规划环评公众参与的参与对象、参与形式等,指出目前规划环评公众参与在应用中存在公众参与对象局限、规定和程序不明确、公民环保意识差等问题,建议采用多种形式开展公众参与环评,同时建议相关部门制定法律条文等进一步明确公众参与环评的规定和程序,提高信息公开度和民众的环保意识。     

高锰酸钾强化PAC混凝处理温瑞塘河黑臭水体试验研究

以浙江省温州市温瑞塘河某河段黑臭地表水为研究对象,考察高锰酸钾强化PAC混凝工艺的除污效能,获得处理温瑞塘河黑臭水体的最佳工艺条件,为恢复河流水体生态自净功能提供基础。试验结果表明,高锰酸钾的最优投加方式为在混凝剂PAC前投加,最佳预氧化时间5 min,最佳投加量1.5 mg/L。将本实验得出的最优混凝处理条件应用于温瑞塘河实际黑臭水体的处理时发现,处理后水质明显改善,此表明高锰酸钾强化混凝应急处理温瑞塘河黑臭水体是切实可行的,可为实际的应急处理工艺提供了理论依据和技术指导。     

中国东部主要河流河水腐殖酸的起源、含量及地域分异规律

测定了中国东部地区主要河流河水、悬浮物和沉积物中腐殖酸含量,研究了该地区河水腐殖酸含量的地域分异规律,并探讨了河水腐殖酸的可能来源。结果表明,所研究河流河水腐殖酸含量在0.9—14.4mg/L范围内,中值为4.16mg/L,并有北高南低的一般趋势。黑龙江上游及松花江北部支流的河水腐殖酸含量在8.5mg/L以上,滦河以北其它地区在3.9—6.4mg/L范围内,黄河以南区域则在0.9—3.3mg/L之间,所研究地区河水中的腐殖酸为混合起源的,它既来自河流悬浮物和沉积物中腐殖酸的释放,又来自流域表土中腐殖酸的淋溶。     

Catalytic destruction of pentachlorobenzene in simulated flue gas by a V2O5-WO3/TiO2 catalyst

Pentachlorobenzene (PeCB) in simulated flue gas was destructed by a commercial V₂O₅-WO₃/TiO₂ catalyst in this study. The effects of reaction temperature, oxygen concentration, space velocity and some co-existing pollutants on PeCB conversion were investigated. Furthermore, a possible mechanism for the oxidation of PeCB over the vanadium oxide on the catalysts was proposed. Results show that the increase of gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) and the decrease of operating temperature both resulted in the decrease of PeCB removal over the catalyst, while the effect of the oxygen content in the range of 5-20% (v/v) on PeCB conversion was negligible. PeCB decomposition could be obviously affected by the denitration reactions under the conditions because of the positive effect of NO but negative effect of NH₃. The introduction of SO₂ caused the catalyst poisoning, probably due to the sulfur-containing species formed and deposited on the catalyst surface. The PeCB molecules were first adsorbed on the catalyst surface, and then oxidized into the non-aromatic acyclic intermediates, low chlorinated aromatics and maleic anhydride.