燃煤锅炉烟气净化系统风机带水原因及对策研究

分析讨论了冲击水浴式和旋风水膜式燃煤烟气除尘脱硫系统产生风机带水的主要原因 ,研制开发了密闭式水位控制箱和锯齿形溢水槽 ,通过工程实践 ,能有效解决除尘系统引风机带水问题。     

NiB2O4 (B = Mn or Co) catalysts for NH3-SCR of NOx at low-temperature in microwave field

● Microwave-assisted catalytic NH₃-SCR reaction over spinel oxides is carried out. ● SCR reaction temperature is tremendously lowered in microwave field. ● NO conversion of NiMn₂O₄ is highly up to 90.6% at 70°C under microwave heating. Microwave-assisted selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides (NO_x) was investigated over Ni-based metal oxides. The NiMn₂O₄ and NiCo₂O₄ catalysts were synthesized by the co-precipitation method and their activities were evaluated as potential candidate catalysts for low-temperature NH₃-SCR in a microwave field. The physicochemical properties and structures of the catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), N₂-physisorption, NO adsorption-desorption in the microwave field, H₂-temperature programmed reduction (H₂-TPR) and NH₃-temperature programmed desorption (NH₃-TPD). The results verified that microwave radiation reduced the reaction temperature required for NH₃-SCR compared to conventional heating, which needed less energy. For the NiMn₂O₄ catalyst, the catalytic efficiency exceeded 90% at 70 °C and reached 96.8% at 110 °C in the microwave field. Meanwhile, the NiMn₂O₄ also exhibited excellent low-temperature NH₃-SCR reaction performance under conventional heating conditions, which is due to the high BET specific surface area, more suitable redox property, good NO adsorption-desorption in the microwave field and rich acidic sites.     

A critical review on thermodynamic mechanisms of membrane fouling in membrane-based water treatment process

● Fundamentals of membrane fouling are comprehensively reviewed. ● Contribution of thermodynamics on revealing membrane fouling mechanism is summarized. ● Quantitative approaches toward thermodynamic fouling mechanisms are deeply analyzed. ● Inspirations of thermodynamics for membrane fouling mitigation are briefly discussed. ● Research prospects on thermodynamics and membrane fouling are forecasted. Membrane technology is widely regarded as one of the most promising technologies for wastewater treatment and reclamation in the 21st century. However, membrane fouling significantly limits its applicability and productivity. In recent decades, research on the membrane fouling has been one of the hottest spots in the field of membrane technology. In particular, recent advances in thermodynamics have substantially widened people’s perspectives on the intrinsic mechanisms of membrane fouling. Formulation of fouling mitigation strategies and fabrication of anti-fouling membranes have both benefited substantially from those studies. In the present review, a summary of the recent results on the thermodynamic mechanisms associated with the critical adhesion and filtration processes during membrane fouling is provided. Firstly, the importance of thermodynamics in membrane fouling is comprehensively assessed. Secondly, the quantitative methods and general factors involved in thermodynamic fouling mechanisms are critically reviewed. Based on the aforementioned information, a brief discussion is presented on the potential applications of thermodynamic fouling mechanisms for membrane fouling control. Finally, prospects for further research on thermodynamic mechanisms underlying membrane fouling are presented. Overall, the present review offers comprehensive and in-depth information on the thermodynamic mechanisms associated with complex fouling behaviors, which will further facilitate research and development in membrane technology.     

上海大气中二噁英类化合物污染水平及人群呼吸暴露评估

为了获取上海环境大气中二噁英类化合物（PCDD/Fs）的浓度水平、季节和空间变化,评估上海地区人群PCDD/Fs呼吸暴露风险,选取上海16个行政区域中44个市级环境大气监控点作为采样点位,利用被动采样技术采集2019年夏、冬季大气样品共83个,分析了其中17种2,3,7,8-PCDD/Fs的浓度。结果表明：（1）2019年上海大气中PCDD/Fs的质量浓度为136~3 939 fg/m³,对应的毒性当量浓度为11.84~94.9 fg WHO₂₀₀₅-TEQ/m³;（2）上海冬季大气中PCDD/Fs毒性当量浓度（13.3~94.9 fg WHO₂₀₀₅-TEQ/m³）高于夏季（11.84~78.52 fg WHO₂₀₀₅-TEQ/m³）。上海郊区由于受工业生产影响,PCDD/Fs平均毒性当量浓度（夏季: 40.7 fg WHO₂₀₀₅- TEQ/m³; 冬季:57.4 fg WHO₂₀₀₅-TEQ/m³）高于中心城区（夏季: 28.5 fg WHO₂₀₀₅-TEQ/m³; 冬季:38.6 fg WHO₂₀₀₅-TEQ/m³）;（3）中心城区人群PCDD/Fs呼吸暴露量［成人：6.82 fg WHO₂₀₀₅-TEQ/(kg·d);儿童：13.7 fg WHO₂₀₀₅-TEQ/(kg·d)］小于郊区［成人：19.17 fg WHO₂₀₀₅-TEQ/(kg·d);儿童：18.4 fg WHO₂₀₀₅-TEQ/(kg·d)］。儿童呼吸暴露量高于成人。经对比,上海城市背景区域居民PCDD/Fs呼吸暴露风险低于上海垃圾焚烧厂周边居民,且都远低于人体PCDD/Fs每日耐受量［4 pg WHO₂₀₀₅-TEQ/(kg·d)］的10%,表明上海地区居民PCDD/Fs呼吸暴露风险处于可接受水平。     

河北省地表水重金属污染状况分析简

通过对近几年水体中重金属检出率和超标率变化的分析、重金属的环境健康风险评价等对河北省地表水进行研究,研究结果表明：河北省地表水重金属污染虽然总体呈好转趋势,但仍然存在环境健康风险。由此分析了河北省地表水污染原因主要有地表径流少、企业排污等,进一步提出了建立有效的预防机制、加强环境监管能力等对策建议。     

猪场废弃物强制通风静态仓堆肥系统的试验研究

通过组织5个猪场废弃物堆肥试验,度量温度、表观性状、体积、重量损失、全氮、全磷、大肠杆菌值、蛔虫卵杀灭率和发芽指数等指标,检验了开发的强制通风静态仓堆肥系统的性能.结果表明,除起始含水率为80%试验堆体因起始含水率过高导致发生厌氧反应外,其余4个堆体均实现堆肥无害化、减量化、稳定化和资源化的处理目标;堆肥温度维持50℃以上5～7 d,或55℃以上3 d是大肠杆菌值达到国家粪便无害化卫生标准的必要条件;堆肥过程能有效脱除堆料的生物毒性,后腐熟阶段是必需阶段;氮、磷、钾等主要营养元素在堆肥前后呈现"浓缩效应".因此,堆肥化能提高猪场废弃物肥效和利用价值.     

鹤壁矿区煤矸石淋滤实验研究

对鹤壁煤矿区第10矿煤矸石进行连续淋溶试验,模拟煤矸石矿井填充后对地下水环境的影响.测定pH值、电导率、F-、总硬度、Zn、Mn、Cr6 、Cd、Cu和Pb等项目,实验结果表明,煤矸石淋出液中F-和Cr6 超标,Mn接近标准,pH值偏高,对地下水环境存在一定影响.其他各元素含量甚微,多未检出.     

人工湿地技术处理河道污水

概要介绍了水生植物与其净化性能在人工湿地技术上的应用等方面的研究成果与工程实例情况。     

引滦水中天然有机化合物的形态及紫外吸收特征

用改进的Leenheer法将引滦水中的天然有机化合物分离为悬浮态和溶解态两大类,后者又分离成憎水有机物、腐殖酸类、强阴离子化合物和其它亲水化合物4种。溶解态有机物含量在4—5mgC/L之间,其中半数左右为腐殖酸类,其紫外吸收强度远在其它形态之上。非极性憎水有机物在5％以下。     

高压静电处理水对活性污泥耗氧速率的影响研究

利用活性污泥微生物膜制成ＢＯＤ生物传感器,发现在经过一定时间高压静电处理后的缓冲液中,活性污泥降解有机物的能力可提高２０％以上,同一电压不同处理时间对微生物降解影响不同。处理时间过短或过长对微生物降解能力增加的影响都不明显,不同电压达到良好处理效果所需时间不同,较低电压所需时间较长,５０００Ｖ时约需６．０ｈ（信号响应达到初始值的１２４％）,而７０００Ｖ时约为４．０ｈ,结果表明,高压静电处理并接种活