Synthesis of a novel humic acid-based polycarboxylic dispersant for coal water slurry

A novel humic acid-based polycarboxylic-type (HAP) dispersant for coal–water slurry (CWS) was successfully synthesized in aqueous solution from the copolymerization of HA, acrylic acid and maleic acid. The structure of HAP was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetry (TG) and ¹H NMR. With HAP as a dispersant for Linfen coal slurry, the effects of the mass ratio of HA and monomer, initiator concentration, reaction temperature and reaction time on the HAP dispersant performance were discussed by examining the apparent viscosity of CWS. The results showed that CWS prepared withHAP dispersant performed excellent dispersity and stability. When the dosage of HAP was up to 0.5 wt.%, the apparent viscosity of CWS was 505 mPa·s. Experiments on the stability of CWS containing 0.5 wt.% HAP demonstrated that the penetration ratio reached 85.45 % after 96 h, which was higher by 12.87 % than that of CWS prepared with HA. And the CWS produced with HAP had lower dewatering rate within the storage time, which was less 1.85 % than that of CWS with HA when the storage time was 72 h. Furthermore, the maximum coal content of CWS with 0.5 wt.% HAP may reached 70 wt.%. This work found a new route for utilizing humic acid and enlarged the selecting range of the dispersant for CWS. It has a positive significance for protection of environment.     

火焰原子吸收法测定废水中的钴

研究采用硝酸-高氯酸消解样品,用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定废水中钴的方法.通过标准样品和实验样品的分析,验证了方法的准确度和精密度.方法的加标回收率为94.0％ ～ 108.0％,检出限为0.010mg/L.该方法简单可靠,干扰少,适合废水分析.     

Perchlorate removal using granular activated carbon supported iron compounds: Synthesis, characterization and reactivity

Synthesis and use of the iron compounds supported on granular activated carbon (ICs/GAC) have shown significant environmental implications for perchlorate (ClO 4 ) removal. ICs/GAC was synthesized via hydrolyzing FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O on GAC, reduced by NaBH 4 solution in polyethylene glycol 6000 and ethanol solution, dried in vacuum condition and exposed to air. Synthesized ICs/GAC was characterized using transmission electron micrograph (TEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). ICs/GAC was determined to be containing a large amount of FeOHSO 4 , Fe 2 O 3 and a small amount of zero-valent iron (ZVI) nanoparticles according to TEM and XPS measurements. Batch static kinetic tests showed that 97% of ClO 4 was removed within 10 hr at 90°C and 86% of ClO 4 was removed within 12 hr at 25°C, at ICs/GAC dosage of 20 g/L. The experimental results also showed that FeOHSO 4 and Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles have the function of perchlorate adsorption and play important roles in ClO 4 removal. The activation energy (E a ) was determined to be 9.56 kJ/mol.     

HSY算法在水质模型参数识别中的应用探讨

参数识别是水质模拟中的技术核心，数据稀缺是水质模型经常面临的问题。采用HSY算法可求得模型参数的分布，而不再是一个单一的最优参数，从而在一定程度上避免了由于“最优”参数失真带来的决策风险，本文以南水北调一期工为例，讨论了在稀疏数据条件下如何应用HSY算法识别CSTR水质模型的参数，并对识别的模型参数进行了检验。模型检验采取了2种方法：分别用动态和稳态计算方法得出的参数进行比较；用模拟结果分布于实测值进行比较。结果表明，HSY算法为稀疏数据条件下进行识别、建立数学模型提供了一条有效的途径。     

垃圾渗滤液对潮滩沉积物营养盐污染影响研究

以上海市老港垃扭填埋场附近潮滩为例,研究了垃圾渗滤液的排放对潮滩沉积物营养盐污染负荷的影响,结果表明：由于垃圾渗滤液的排放,潮滩表层沉积物中营养盐N、P的含量显著增加;在向海向上,随距排污口距离的增加表层沉积物中N、P的含量有所降低;受垃圾填埋时间长短的影响。南北线潮滩沉积物中N、P的含量有明显差异,北线沉积物中总无机氮和总无机磷的含量均明显高于南线。柱样沉积物中N、P的含量随深度也呈现一定的变化规律：氨氮含量随深度的增加而增加,总磷含量随深度的增加而减少。     

综合生物塘处理城镇污水研究

报道了一种新的高效低能耗的污水处理塘系统的中试研究结果．本生物塘系统分为三个功能区域，分别为污水净化区，水质修饰区和综合利用区．水生维管束植物呈带状分布于塘系统中，在时间上和空间上进行不同搭配组合．较之传统氧化塘和一般的水生植物塘、综合生物塘的处理效果较好，ＣＯＤ、ＢＯＤ、ＴＳＳ、氮、磷等污染组分去除效率较高，细菌，病毒及诱变活性明显下降。在污水净化的同时，收获大量的水生植物及鱼，蚌等水产品．水质明显改善，出水可用于水产养殖和农业灌溉．     

高等水生植物修复双龙湖水体叶绿素a变化试验研究

重庆渝北双龙湖水体因长期受纳城市污水，近几年水体水质恶化并呈加重趋势，为治理修复该水体，进行了水面种植高等植物净化双龙湖富营养化水体的动态和静态试验研究。结果表明，试验植物风车草、蕹菜，芹菜对叶绿素a的降低率分别是17．64％、42．99％、38．05％，附着物与根系重量比（湿重％）是风车草：5．1－132．7、芹菜：100．0、蕹菜：48．3；三种植物对富营养化水体有较好的修复作用，对降低叶绿素a作用明显，对悬浮污染物有较好的吸附作用，其中风车草对修复营养化水体的作用应予重视。     

硝化褐煤对铬离子溶液的吸附研究

利用硝酸与龙口褐煤反应制得硝化褐煤,使其有效吸附质腐植酸含量提高。用该湖化褐煤对铬离子进行吸附试验,研究吸附剂的吸附量、吸附动力学、吸附模型和溶液的pH值对吸附的影响。结果表明：硝化褐煤对铬离子具有良好的吸附特性,其静态等温吸附符合Langmuir等温议程。     

对羟基苯甲酸丙酯对食蚊鱼(Gambusia affinis)鳃和表皮K+流速的影响

食品、医药和化妆品等行业大量使用含有对羟基苯甲酸丙酯(propylparaben,PrP)的防腐剂导致其广泛分布于河流、空气和土壤等自然环境中.为探究PrP对鱼类的毒性作用,以食蚊鱼(Gambusia affinis)为模式生物,分别开展了急性毒性实验和K+流速检测实验.急性毒性实验中设置8种不同浓度的PrP溶液得到9...     

表面流人工湿地硝化和反硝化强度研究

通过对表面流人工湿地不同土壤层硝化反硝化强度的研究,探讨了表面流人工湿地脱氮过程中沿程硝化和反硝化作用的变化,以及不同C∶N对系统反硝化强度的影响.研究结果表明,系统可同时进行硝化和反硝化作用,硝化强度具有较明显的分层现象,表层土壤高于深层土壤.系统中沿程硝化强度呈递减趋势,硝化强度反映了氨氮去除率的大小,其去除率为68%.反硝化强度研究结果表明:深层土壤的反硝化强度略高于表层土壤;沿程1/3至1/2段最大;5倍碳源时反硝化强度最高,3倍碳源次之,不加碳源最低;但系统的反硝化强度普遍较高,保持了良好的脱氮效果.