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211.
丘陵区坡面土壤有机碳及颗粒有机碳分布特征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
测定了紫色丘陵区疏林地、荒草地和坡耕地三种土地利用方式下土壤有机碳和颗粒有机碳含量,探讨不同利用方式与坡位下土壤有机碳和土壤颗粒有机碳的分布特征.结果表明:不同土地利用方式下上坡位和中坡位土壤有机碳和颗粒有机碳含量均为疏林地>坡耕地>荒草地,而在下坡位两者含量变化差异较大;不同土地利用方式下各坡位土壤剖面有机碳含量均是在0~5 cm层富集,颗粒有机碳的含量也表现出一定在剖面分异性;不同土地利用方式土壤颗粒有机碳分配比例为(0.74±0.01)~(0.34±0.02),不同土地利用方式之间土壤颗粒有机碳分配比例差异较小.相关分析表明,不同利用方式下土壤有机碳、全氮和颗粒有机碳含量之间均呈显著的相关性. 相似文献
212.
Shubo Deng Danmeng Shuai Qiang Yu Jun Huang Gang Yu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2009,3(2):171-177
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), as a potential persistent organic pollutant, has been widely detected in water environments, and has become a great concern in recent years. PFOS is very stable and difficult to decompose using conventional techniques. Sorption may be an attractive method to remove it from water. In this study, the molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) adsorbents were prepared through the polymerization of 4-vinylpyridine under different preparation conditions in order to remove perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) from water. The MIP adsorbents using perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) as the template had good imprinting effects and could selectively remove PFOS from aqueous solution. The sorption behaviors including sorption kinetics, isotherms, and effect of pH, salt, and competitive anions were investigated. Experimental results showed that the sorption of PFOS on the MIP adsorbents was very fast, pH-dependent, and highly selective. The achieved fast sorption equilibrium within 1 h was attributed to the surface sorption on the fine adsorbents. The sorption isotherms showed that the sorption selectivity of PFOS on the MIP adsorbents decreased at high PFOS concentrations, which may be due to the double-layer sorption and the formation of PFOS micelles on the sorbent surface. The sorption of PFOS on the MIP adsorbents was mainly dominated by the electrostatic interaction between the protonated vinylpyridine on the adsorbent surface and the anionic PFOS. The prepared MIP adsorbents can potentially be applied in water and wastewater treatment for selective removal of PFOS. 相似文献
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双极不对称预荷电静电增强过滤除尘技术的应用 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
双极不对称预荷电静电增强过滤除尘技术 ,是国家“九五”科技攻关课题所取得的成果之一 ,该技术采用双极不对称荷电增强方式 ,将普通静电增强效果与粉尘凝并机能有机地结合在一起 ,既提高了过滤除尘器的收尘效率 ,尤其是呼吸性粉尘的效率 ,同时又极大地改善了滤料粉尘层的结构 ,可显著地降低过滤阻力增值 ,节约运行能耗。笔者研究的该技术应用于焊接车间的焊接烟尘的治理上 ,取得了良好的效果。现场测试表明 ,该技术对焊接烟尘的滤除效率提高了 3% ,尤其对微细粉尘效果显著 ,2 μm粉尘穿透率相对下降了 4 7%。采用超细滑石粉高粉尘负荷测试结果表明 ,过滤阻力增值降低达 30 % ,清灰效果明显改善 相似文献
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219.
散射光下铁(Ⅲ)-丙酮酸盐配合物还原铬(Ⅵ)的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了在散射光下铁(Ⅲ)-丙酮酸盐配合物对铬(Ⅵ)的光还原反应;考察了溶液pH、铁(Ⅲ)、丙酮酸钠、铬(Ⅵ)浓度对反应的影响;分析了铬(Ⅵ)光还原反应的动力学。实验结果表明:铁(Ⅲ)-丙酮酸盐配合物体系能在较弱的散射光下还原铬(Ⅵ)。在铬(Ⅵ)浓度为19.2μmol/L、铁(Ⅲ)浓度为10.0μmol/L、丙酮酸钠浓度为240μmol/L、pH为3.0、光照240min的条件下,铬(Ⅵ)的还原率达到99.7%。从表观动力学方程的反应级数看,铁(Ⅲ)的级数(0.83)最高,铁(Ⅲ)浓度是影响铬(Ⅵ)光还原反廊速率的主要因素.铁(Ⅱ)是铬(Ⅵ)光还原的主要还原剂。 相似文献
220.
Thermogravimetric analysis and kinetic study on pyrolysis of representative medical waste composition 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
To obtain detailed information on the pyrolysis characteristics, a thermogravimetric study on the pyrolysis of 14 typical medical waste compositions was carried out in thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) equipment using dynamic techniques in a stream of N(2). An index representing pyrolysis reactivity of waste was presented. Kinetic parameters were obtained by Coats-Redfern method and used to model the TG curve. The results showed that: (a) Plastic, protein, cellulosic material, synthetic fibre, and rubber entered pyrolysis process in succession. (b) There was one decomposition stage in the pyrolysis of one-off medical glove, operating glove, cellulosic waste, absorbable catgut suture and adhesive plaster, while other components had two obvious weight loss stages. (c) The obtained apparent activation energy for second stage pyrolysis was comparably higher than that for first stage. (d) Each stage was controlled by only one kinetic mechanism, in which kinetic parameters were constant. (e) The degradation kinetics of medical waste may be affected by special physical and chemical treatment in the product manufacturing process. (f) Among 13 waste samples, the pyrolysis index of cellulosic matter was the highest, which indicated cellulosic matter had strong pyrolysis reactivity. (g) With increasing heating rate, TG curve and DTG peak shifted to high temperatures and main reaction interval of the sample became longer. 相似文献