电镀工人的细胞遗传学效应

本文共检查了34名电镀厂生产工人和10名该厂行政人员的外用淋巴细胞姐妹染色单体交换,结果表明,两者间有显著性的差异(P<0.01).但不同工龄间的差异并不明显.还分析了其中7名镀镍工人和7名镀铬工人以及三名已调离生产车间的电镀工人外周淋巴细胞染色体畸变.结果表明均有明显增加.此外还对镀镍和镀铬工人头发和粪便中镍、铬含量以及他们所在车间空气中镍、铬含量进行了测定.     

铁(Ⅲ)-羧酸配合物对水溶性染料的光化学脱色动力学的比较研究

铁-柠檬酸，铁-酒石酸，铁-丁二酸，铁-草酸配合物在高压汞灯（λmax＝313nm，250W）的照射下，能使活性艳红X－3B染料水溶液脱色。染料初始浓度在10mg／L～50mg／L时，染料脱色为动力学一级反应，脱色速率随初始浓度增大而降低。在pH2．0～3．0时铁-柠檬酸，铁-滴石酸，铁-丁二酸的染料溶液脱色效果较佳，在pH4．0时铁-草酸的染料溶液脱色效果最好。铁／羧酸盐配比对染料脱色速率也有影响。     

向海湿地功能及合理开发利用和保护

在合理开发利用向海区域湿地资源 ,充分发挥湿地资源功能中 ,应利用 3S技术准确获取湿地资源要素信息 ,建立湿地综合评价指标体系 ,确定湿地环境综合评价指数。多途径、多层次地开发利用湿地资源 ,走以内涵发展为主道路的同时 ,对于受破坏的湿地资源进行积极的调整、恢复 ,以保持原有湿地功能。     

浅谈生活垃圾的焚烧技术

阐述了生活垃圾的性质、焚烧前预处理、焚烧工艺及影响生活垃圾焚烧的因素。希望对从事生活垃圾焚烧技术研究开发工作的人员有参考作用。     

滇池沉积物中微囊藻毒素的HPLC检测

通过向滇池沉积物中加入一定量的微囊藻毒素配制成模拟样品,再用提取液提取样品中的毒素,用HPLC方法检测其含量。通过对不同提取方式、不同提取液和两种微囊藻毒素变体的提取效果进行比较,发现采用正丁醇∶甲醇∶水=1∶4∶15的提取液,用多次搅拌提取的方式,MC-RR和MC-LR的回收率比较好。按此方式对滇池沉积物样品进行检测,发现共表层沉积物中有少量藻毒素的存在。     

甘肃省土壤农业水文特性的研究

本文在研究甘肃省土壤容重、土壤凋萎湿度和田间持水量的时空分布规律及其相关因素的基础上,根据占田间持水量40％(严重干旱)、60％(轻度干旱)和80％(最适宜)时的土壤湿度标准,计算出5种地域类型26个代表点的不同土壤湿度标准的土壤水分界限值,为各地采取不同的农业耕作和管理措施提供依据。最后以凋萎湿度为主导指标,以容重和田间持水量为辅助指标,建立甘肃省土壤农业水文特性分区指标系统,把全省划分为5个大区12个副区,对各大区土壤农业水文特性值进行了评述,并提出土壤改良措施和相应的办法。     

水中苯酚、五氯酚、2,4,6-三氯酚的高效液相色谱法

本文采用高效液相色谱法，用固相小柱萃取，纯氮气吹气浓缩，以甲醇／水＋醋酸为流动相反相色谱柱分离酚。苯酚、五氯酚、2，4，6－三氯酚一次同时分离，用紫外检测器外标法同时定量测定三者含量，平均回收率分别为95．80％，96．86％，95．72％；R．S．D分别为3．08％，3．36％，2．96％。用于饮用水中酚类测定，结果令人满意。     

Regional distribution of organochlorinated pesticides in pine needles and its indication for socioeconomic development

The regional distribution of 10 potentially harmful organochlorinated pesticides (OCPs) was investigated in pine needles from 18 sites in six Chinese regions. The OCPs concentrations in six regions were as follows: sigmaHCH (sigmaHCH=alpha-+beta-+gamma-+delta-HCH), 4.7-51.5 ng/g; sigmaDDT (p,p'-DDT+p,p'-DDE+p,p'-DDD), 0.9-30.9 ng/g; hexachlorobenzene (HCB), 1.1-5.3 ng/g; sigmachlordane (cis-chlordane+trans-chlordane), no detected-4.3 ng/g, on dry weight basis. Samples from southeast Chinese area contained the highest concentrations of sigmaHCH, sigmaDDT and sigmachlordane, while the contamination levels of most OCPs in southwest Chinese area were the lowest. The ratios of alpha/gamma-HCH (ranged from 1.7 to 5) were observed to be noticeable increase from north to south China, and the ratio of 1.7 revealed the presence of the recent use of lindane in north Chinese area. The significant decrease of the sum concentrations of alpha-+gamma-HCH from mid-1980s to the present and the strong correlation between alpha-, beta-, gamma-, delta-HCH (r=0.87-0.98, n=18, p<0.05) indicated the main usage of the technical HCH in history in China. The p,p'-DDE/p,p'-DDT ratios of <1 revealed the new input of p,p'-DDT in south, southeast and southwest Chinese areas, which could be partly contributed to the new use of impure dicofol. Economic development will leave its mark in the environment, however, its impact on the input and distribution of OCPs on a regional scale is unknown. We attempted to use the socioeconomic index (gross domestic product (GDP) per capita) to explain the distribution and input of OCPs and found that HCB and sigmaDDT seemed to be linked to the economic development, while no relationship of HCH was observed. DDE% of sigmaDDT also showed a negative correlation with the GDP per capita.     

除尘脱硫系统带水原因及解决对策

对燃煤烟气除尘脱硫系统容易产生引风机带水问题进行了分析和研究，改进了传统的除尘脱硫器水位控制箱和溢水槽，有效解决了常用的冲击水浴式和旋风水膜式除尘脱硫系统风机带水问题。     

交联菌丝体吸附剂的制备及其对Cr3+的吸附特性

深入研究了交联菌丝体吸附剂的制备工艺及其对Cr3+的吸附特性.交联菌丝体吸附剂制备工艺简单,但在制备过程中,活化剂NaOH和交联剂的用量对吸附特性影响较大.与纯菌丝体吸附剂相比,交联菌丝体吸附剂表观吸附容量提高48%,达到49.83 mg/g(pH=2.53,水溶液中的Cr3+浓度为600mg/L),同时其机械强度明显增强.交联菌丝体吸附剂对Cr3+的吸附特点是将沉淀法与吸附法相结合,将沉淀与吸附两过程合二为一,从而简化了处理工艺,降低了处理成本.