Towards Real‐Time Continental Scale Streamflow Simulation in Continuous and Discrete Space

The National Weather Service (NWS) forecasts floods at approximately 3,600 locations across the United States (U.S.). However, the river network, as defined by the 1:100,000 scale National Hydrography Dataset‐Plus (NHDPlus) dataset, consists of 2.7 million river segments. Through the National Flood Interoperability Experiment, a continental scale streamflow simulation and forecast system was implemented and continuously operated through the summer of 2015. This system leveraged the WRF‐Hydro framework, initialized on a 3‐km grid, the Routing Application for the Parallel Computation of Discharge river routing model, operating on the NHDPlus, and real‐time atmospheric forcing to continuously forecast streamflow. Although this system produced forecasts, this paper presents a study of the three‐month nowcast to demonstrate the capacity to seamlessly predict reach scale streamflow at the continental scale. In addition, this paper evaluates the impact of reservoirs, through a case study in Texas. Validation of the uncalibrated model using observed hourly streamflow at 5,701 U.S. Geological Survey gages shows 26% demonstrate PBias ≤ |25%|, 11% demonstrate Nash‐Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) ≥ 0.25, and 6% demonstrate both PBias ≤ |25%| and NSE ≥ 0.25. When evaluating the impact of reservoirs, the analysis shows when reservoirs are included, NSE ≥ 0.25 for 56% of the gages downstream while NSE ≥ 0.25 for 11% when they are not. The results presented here provide a benchmark for the evolving hydrology program within the NWS and supports their efforts to develop a reach scale flood forecasting system for the country.     

Evaluation of passive sampling of gaseous mercury using different sorbing materials

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Atmospheric mercury monitoring is essential because of its potential human health and ecological impacts. Current automated monitoring systems include...     

Land use change and soil carbon sequestration in China: Where does it pay to conserve?

Regional Environmental Change - This paper estimates the impact of land use change on soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration in China from 1985 to 2005 using a nationwide, georeferenced database...     

城市化进程中区域安全文化体系构建——以深圳市大鹏新区为例

为应对城市化进程中凸显的安全发展问题,发挥安全文化的基础性保障作用,基于对区域安全文化系统功能及组成要素的分析,探讨其内涵、特征与作用机理,构建区域安全文化结构模型,建立相应的指标表征体系,包括4个一级指标,16个二级指标,47个三级指标。针对深圳市大鹏新区采取实地走访与问卷测评相结合的方式进行实例研究,以李克特量表和蛛网图对数据进行处理分析。结果表明,城区转型发展过程中暴露出利益驱动型短期发展观,安全工作表面化,社会公共参与不足等问题,区域安全文化体系建设亟待从战略高层到群众基础进行有效整合。     

Dynamic evaluation of land productivity in China

For making rational and scientific land-use planning,an inventory indicator of land productivity subject to biophysical limitations and human disturbance is required.This study introduces agricultural land productivity(ALP)as the dynamic indicator to measure land productivity,involving factors that affect agricultural production,such as characteristics of climate,soil,and terrain.As a case study of this dynamic indicator,ALP was estimated at county level and aggregated into provincial level in the whole of China.The result shows that ALP increased during 2000-2010 in China,and the ratios of ALP to the actual grain yield were 65.40%and 66.38%in the years 2000 and 2005,respectively.The ALP is an effective dynamic indicator to estimate the land productivity and to represent the basic conditions about the supply of water,energy,nutrients,and the physical basis for plant growth,as well as the local input.ALP estimation could provide supporting information for policy-making about land production planning and land-use management.     

A new program to promote injury prevention and its application in China

To create Safe Community is considered a new methodology to promote Harmonious Society in China. Safe Community (SC) is centralized by “injury prevention” which is a concept involved from occupational safety and health in process industry. In this paper, it first examined the definition and elements of SC. Then, it introduced a Safe Community program in Honey Lake of Futian District of Shenzhen in detail to depict the actual procedure to create a desired Safe Community in China. In this application, Occupational Safety and Health Council in Hong Kong played an important role to instruct the design and execution of SC principle and suggest ways to crystallize a culture of safety within a Chinese community. From the SC program in Honey Lake of Futian District of Shenzhen, China has found out a new way to promote injury prevention in a community. Also, using these experiences from this program, more SC could be constructed that is beneficial to the safety and health of Chinese people.     

以回用为目标的污水深度处理组合工艺及其发展

通过对现有各种污水回用深度处理工艺进行归纳整理,概要介绍了国内外城市污水回用深度处理传统工艺及其发展状况,重点阐述了膜分离技术与污水深度处理工艺的集成与组合在污水回用中的应用,指出了污水回用工艺的优化组合与集成对缓解淡水资源短缺、实施水资源的可持续利用具有深远的战略意义。