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911.
通过对近几年水体中重金属检出率和超标率变化的分析、重金属的环境健康风险评价等对河北省地表水进行研究,研究结果表明:河北省地表水重金属污染虽然总体呈好转趋势,但仍然存在环境健康风险。由此分析了河北省地表水污染原因主要有地表径流少、企业排污等,进一步提出了建立有效的预防机制、加强环境监管能力等对策建议。 相似文献
912.
913.
Fe^2+—H2O2氧化法处理氨基J酸工业废水的研究 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
用Fe^2+-H2O2氧化法处理氨基J酸工业废水。结果表明,当溶液pH=1-3,H2O2和Fe^2+用量分别为H2O2:Fe^2+10:1,H2O2:CODCr=2g:g时,J酸废水的CODCr去除率达66.7%,氨基去除率达68.4%。处理后的废水BOD5/CODCr=0.5,已达到生化处理的要求。该法可作为氨基J酸废水的预处理方法。 相似文献
914.
珠江隧道多环芳烃的含量与分布特征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为研究机动车尾气排放多环芳烃的排放特征,以及其从源到汇的过程变化,该研究选取珠江隧道为研究区域,采集了2006年4月、7月和12月珠江隧道中气相和颗粒相样品,以及7月、12月份隧道附近的大气样品,并对样品中多环芳烃(PAHs)进行检测.结果表明,隧道中馪AHs范围为896.1 ng·m-3~4066.2 ng·m-3,气相中馪AHs远远高于颗粒相馪AHs.环境大气样品中馪AHs为207.9 ng·m-3~353.0 ng·m-3,远远低于隧道里馪AHs,其PAHs各组分的分布特征与隧道中样品相似,说明汽车尾气是广州市大气中PAHs的重要来源;最后通过隧道中与隧道口的馪AHs来计算汽车的排放因子,得出PAHs排放因子平均值为:2164.7 靏穔m-1妨,并且估算出2006年广州市全年汽车尾气排放出PAHs 82 t. 相似文献
915.
土壤中乐果与微生物的相互作用研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
采用室内模拟实验,研究了土壤中乐果与微生物的相互作用.结果表明:(1)50、500、5 000 mg·kg-1的乐果在灭菌土中的降解速度十分缓慢,加药后15d,50 mg·kg-1的降解率为69.3%,500 mg·kg-1的降解率为26.7%,5 000 mg·kg-1的降解率为19.6%.在施过乐果的土壤中的降解速度非常迅速,加药后15d,50 mg·kg-1的降解率为99.7%,500 mg·kg-1的降解率为78.4%,5 000 mg·kg-1的降解率为54.6%.在未施过乐果的土壤中的降解速度则介于二者之间.说明微生物在乐果的降解中起着非常重要的作用,同时,施药可以诱发乐果降解菌的生成从而加速乐果的降解.(2)在各处理的土壤中,50 mg·k-1的乐果对细菌数星有一定的刺激作用,500、5 000 mg·kg-1的乐果抑制细菌的生长.且随质量浓度的升高,抑制作用增强.但随加药时间的延长,又有所恢复.3种不同质量浓度的乐果对土壤真菌和放线菌种群数量的影响均表现为明显的抑制作用,且随药剂质量浓度的提高和加药时间的延长抑制趋势越明显.因此,可以选择真菌和放线菌作为土壤受乐果污染的敏感指示菌.(3)在同样处理条件下,施过乐果土壤中的微生物种群数量并不比未施过乐果土壤中的占优势,表明乐果在施过药的土壤中降解速度的加快并不是由微生物的数量决定的,而是由它们的降解能力决定的. 相似文献
916.
长沙地区雾霾特征及影响因子分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
根据长沙地区1970—2012年气象观测资料及环境监测数据,对近43年长沙雾霾特征及影响因子进行了分析。结果表明,长沙地区雾的年际变化具有显著的倒"U"型特征,霾整体上呈上升趋势;雾霾天气主要集中在秋冬季节,春夏季节较少;从空间分布来看,望城区(县)和宁乡县雾霾天气最多,浏阳市次之,长沙市区最少。在一次持续性雾霾天气过程中(10.2~10.12),相对湿度、PM2.5质量浓度与能见度呈现显著负相关,说明PM2.5质量浓度和相对湿度是雾霾天气形成的首要影响因子。 相似文献
917.
Zujun Deng Renduo Zhang Yang Shi Li’ao Hu Hongming Tan Lixiang Cao 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(3):2346-2357
The aim of this study was to characterize the features of a Cd-, Pb-, and Zn-resistant endophytic fungus Lasiodiplodia sp. MXSF31 and to investigate the potential of MXSF31 to remove metals from contaminated water and soils. The endophytic fungus was isolated from the stem of Portulaca oleracea growing in metal-contaminated soils. The maximum biosorption capacities of MXSF31 were 3.0?×?103, 1.1?×?104, and 1.3?×?104 mg kg?1 for Cd, Pb, and Zn, respectively. The biosorption processes of Cd, Pb, and Zn by MXSF31 were well characterized with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The biosorption isotherm processes of Pb and Zn by the fungus were fitted better with the Langmuir model, while the biosorption processes of Cd was better fitted with the Freundlich model. The biosorption process of MXSF31 was attributed to the functional groups of hydroxyl, amino, carbonyl, and benzene ring on the cell wall. The active biomass of the strain removed more Cd, Pb, and Zn (4.6?×?104, 5.6?×?105, and 7.0?×?104 mg kg?1, respectively) than the dead biomass. The inoculation of MXSF31 increased the biomass of rape (Brassica napus L.), the translocation factor of Cd, and the extraction amount of Cd by rape in the Cd?+?Pb-contaminated soils. The results indicated that the endophytic fungus strain had the potential to remove heavy metals from water and soils contaminated by multiple heavy metals, and plants accumulating multiple metals might harbor diverse fungi suitable for bioremediation of contaminated media. 相似文献
918.
Xinying Zhang Lisha Chen Xiaoyan Liu Chuanhua Wang Xueping Chen Gang Xu Kaifang Deng 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(13):8198-8205
The endophytic bacterium isolated from Scirpus triqueter was proved to be an oil-degraded bacterium. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the removal ratio of diesel under the combined effect of oil-degraded microorganism (Pseudomonas sp. J4AJ) and S. triqueter. The effect of diesel on plant growth parameters, soil enzymes and microbial community was assessed after 60 days. The results showed that the soils which were planted with S. triqueter and inoculated with J4AJ displayed the highest removal ratio (54.51?±?0.15 %) after 60-day experiment. However, the removal ratio of J4AJ-treated soils was 38.97?±?0.55 %. Diesel was toxic to S. triqueter, as evidenced by growth inhibition during the experimental period. However, the plant height and stem biomass in the soils inoculated with J4AJ significantly increased. The combined effect of S. triqueter and J4AJ improved the enzyme activities of the catalase and dehydrogenase in the contaminated soil. The diversity index in soils under the effect of S. triqueter combined with J4AJ was lower than that of the other soil samples. The principal analysis of phospholipid fatty acid signatures revealed that the combined effect of S. triqueter and J4AJ increased the differences of soil microbial community structure with the other treatments. 相似文献
919.
Xiaoyu Zhou Jie Guo Wei Zhang Peng Zhou Jingjing Deng Kuangfei Lin 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(17):10294-10306
Pollutants including heavy metals and brominated flame retardant were detected in 10 types of production wastes from a typical printed circuit board manufacturing plant, and their inventories were estimated. Rinsing water from etching process had the highest concentrations of copper (665.51 mg/L), lead (1.02 mg/L), nickel (3.60 mg/L), chromium (0.97 mg/L), and tin (1.79 mg/L). Powdered solid waste (SW) from the cut lamination process contained the highest tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBPA) levels (49.86 mg/kg). Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were absent in this plant, in agreement with the international regulations of PBDE phase out. The pollutant inventories in the wastes exhibited in the order of copper >?>?zinc?>?tin?≈?nickel?>?lead?>?chromium >?>?TBBPA. The potential environmental impact of pollutants in SW during production and disposal were further investigated. A high partitioning of pollutant concentration between the total suspended particle and SW (?0.10?K TS?2.12) was observed for most pollutants, indicating the emission pathway from SW to the airborne atmosphere in the workshop. Although SW met the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure, drilling powder with the smallest particle diameter still showed high leachabilities of lead and tin which may lead to a negative environmental impact during disposal. 相似文献
920.